分类：
2006-08-23 00:13:56
来源：PConline 顾忠信
UNIX家谱
UNIX的历史开始于1969年ken Thompson，Dennis Ritchie（即著名的K&G，C语言的发明人）与一群人在一部PDP-7上进行的一些工作，后来这个系统变成了UNIX。它主要的几个版本为：
V1（1971）：第一版的UNIX，以PDP-11/20的汇编语言写成。包括文件系统，fork、roff、ed等软件。
V4（1973）：以C语言从头写过，这使得UNIX修改容易，可以在几个月内移植到新的硬件平台上。最初C语言是为UNIX设计的，所以C与UNIX间有紧密的关系。
V6（1975）：第一个在贝尔实验室外（尤其是大学中）广为流传的UNIX版本。这也是UNIX分支的起点与广受欢迎的开始。1.xBSD （PDP-II）就是由这个版本衍生出来的。
V7（1979）：在许多UNIX玩家的心目中，这是“最后一个真正的UNIX，”这个版本包括一个完整的K&RC编译器，Bourne shell。V7移植到VAX机器后称为32V。
目前开发UNIX（System V）的公司是Unix System Laboratories (USL)。USL本为AT&T所有，1993年初被Novell收购。Novell于1993年末将UNIX这个注册商标转让给X/Open组织。
目前为止，UNIX有两大流派：那就是AT&T发布的UNIX操作系统System
V与美国加州大学伯克利分校发布的UNIX版BSD（Berkeley Software
Distribution）。SVR4是两大流派融合后的产物。1991年底，与System V针锋相对的开放软件基金会(Open
Software Foundation)推出了OSF/1。
现在几种主要的UNIX版本：
* AIX：IBM的UNIX，是根据SVR2（最近已经出到SVR3.2）以及一部分BSD延伸而来，加上各种硬件的支持。具备特有的系统管理（SMIT）。
* 386BSD：Jolitz从Net/2 software移植过来的。支持Posix，32位。
* FreeBSD：1.x从386BSD 0.1而来，FreeBSD 2.x版是用4.4BSD lite改写。
* HP-UX（HP）：旧系统是从S III（SVRx）发展面来，现在是由SVR2（4.2BSD）发展而来，目前是10.x版。
* Linux(x86)：遵从POSIX，SYSV及BSD的扩展，这一点从上页表中即可看出。
* OSF/1（DEC）：DEC对OSF/1的移植。
* SCO UNIX（x86）：SVR3.2，目前影响较大的PC UNIX。
* SunOS（680x0，Sparc，i386）：根据4.3BSD，包含许多来自System V的东西。Sun的主要成果在于：NFS，OpenLook GUI标准，现演变为Solaris 。
* Ultrix(DEC)：根据4.2BSD再加上许多4.3BSD的东西。
* Xenix(x86)：Intel硬件平台上的UNIX，以SVR2为基础，由微软推出。在中国使用较广泛。
来源：互联网世界
UNIX大事记
| Year | Event |
| 1957 | Bell Labs found they needed an operating system for their computer center which at the time was running various batch jobs. The BESYS operating system was created at Bell Labs to deal with these needs. |
| 1965 | Bell Labs was adopting third generation computer equipment and decided to join forces with General Electric and MIT to create Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service). |
| 1969 | By April 1969, made a decision to withdraw Multics and go with GECOS. When Multics was withdrawn Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie needed to rewrite an operating system in order to play space travel on another smaller machine (a DEC PDP-7 [Programmed Data Processor 4K memory for user programs). The result was a system which a punning colleague called UNICS (UNiplexed Information and Computing Service)--an ’emasculated Multics’. |
| 1969 | Summer 1969 UNIX was developed. |
| 1969 | is born. |
| 1971 | First edition of released 11/03/1971. The first edition of the "UNIX PROGRAMMER’S MANUAL [by] K. Thompson [and] D. M. Ritchie" is also dated "November 3, 1971". It includes over 60 commands like: b (compile B program); boot (reboot system); (concatenate files); (change working directory); (change access mode); (change owner); (copy file); (list directory contents); (move or rename file); roff (run off text); (get word count); (who is one the system). The main thing missing was pipes. |
| 1972 | Second edition of released 12/06/1972 |
| 1972 | Ritchie rewrote B and called the new language C. |
| 1973 | had been installed on 16 sites (all within AT&T/Western Electric); it was publically unveiled at a conference in October. |
| 1973 | Third edition of released February 1973 |
| 1973 | Forth edition of released November 1973 |
| 1974 | Fifth edition of released June 1974 |
| 1974 | Thompson went to UC Berkeley to teach for a year, Bill Joy arrived as a new graduate student. Frustrated with ed, Joy developed a more featured editor em. |
| 1975 | Sixth edition of released May 1975 |
| 1975 | is introduced begins being added onto. |
| 1977 | 1 released late 1977 |
| 1978 | 2 released mid 1978 |
| 1979 | Seventh edition of released January 1979 |
| 1979 | 3 released late 1979 |
| 1979 | founded by Doug and Larry Michels as UNIX porting and consulting company. |
| 1980 | 4.0 released October 1980 |
| 1982 | SGI introduces . |
| 1983 | delivers its first packaged UNIX system called SCO XENIX System V for Intel 8086 and 8088 processor-based PCs. |
| 1984 | 1.0 was released. |
| 1985 | Eighth edition of released February 1985 |
| 1985 | The manifesto is published in the March 1985 issue of Dr. Dobb’s Journal. The GNU project starts a year and a half later. |
| 1986 | 1.0 released. |
| 1986 | Ninth edition of released September 1986 |
| 1987 | and lay the groundwork for business computing in the next decade with an alliance to develop UNIX System V Release 4. |
| 1988 | 2.0 released. |
| 1988 | 3.0 released. |
| 1989 | ships SCO UNIX System V/386, the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark. |
| 1989 | 7.0 released. |
| 1989 | Tenth edition of released October 1989 |
| 1990 | short for Advanced Interactive eXecutive was first entered into the market by February 1990. |
| 1991 | unveils Solaris 2 operating environment, specially tuned for symetric multiprocessing. |
| 1991 | is introduced by , a student in Finland. Who post to the comp.os.minix newsgroup with the words:
Hello everybody out there using minix - I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. |
| 1991 | 8.0 released. |
| 1991 | /386 ALPHA First code released to people outside I 12/xx/1991 |
| 1992 | 9.0 released. |
| 1993 | 0.8 released 04/20/1993 |
| 1993 | 1.0 released December of 1993 |
| 1994 | Linux is introduced. |
| 1994 | Caldera, Inc was founded in 1994 by Ransom Love and Bryan Sparks. |
| 1994 | 1.0 released 10/26/1994 |
| 1995 | 2.0 released 01/xx/1995 |
| 1995 | acquires UNIX Systems source technology business from Corporation (which had acquired it from AT&T’s UNIX System Laboratories). SCO also acquires UnixWare 2 operating system from Novell. |
| 1995 | 10.0 released. |
| 1995 | 4.4 BSD Lite Release 2 the true final distribution from the CSRG 06/xx/1995 |
| 1997 | 11.0 released. |
| 1997 | Caldera ships OpenLinux Standard 1.1 May 5, 1997, the second offering in Caldera’s OpenLinux product line |
| 1998 | 6.5 the fifth generation of SGI UNIX is released July 6, 1998. |
| 1998 | delivers UnixWare 7 operating system. |
| 1998 | 7 operating system released. |
| 1998 | 3.0 released 10/16/1998 |
| 2000 | 4.0 released 03/13/2000 |
| 2000 | Systems Inc. announces that Caldera Systems has entered into agreement to acquire the Server Software Division and the Professional Services Division |
