Oracle10G Physical Standby Database笔记

Oracle10G Physical Standby Database试验环境primary server:
 2000 server + oracle 10.0.1.0.2 
 ORACLE_SID:dgtest
 ORACLE_HOME: D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1standby server:
XP pro + oracle 10.0.1.0.2ORACLE_SID:dgtestORACLE_HOME: D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1

配置步骤首先，装好primary和standby上的oracle，建SID同为dgtest的库，所有设置完全相同。然后停止shutdown两台上的oracle，将primary上的所有数据文件，控制文件，redo文件和password文件都copy到standby机器的相应位置。（还可以利用热备，rman等来建立初始standby库），这样，我们就拥有了两台完全一样的oracle server



1.在primary database上设置force loggingSQL>alter database force logging;

2.修改primary databse的初始化参数DB_UNIQUE_NAME=’primary’CONTROL_FILES='d:\oracle\product\oradata\control01.ctl','d:\oracle\product\oradata\control02.ctl','d:\oracle\product\oradata\control03.ctl'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION= d:\oracle\product\arch’LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=standby'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLELOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLEREMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVELOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='arc%s%t%r.arc'FAL_SERVER=standbyFAL_CLIENT=primarySTANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTOLOCK_NAME_SPACE           ----这是当主数据库和备用数据在同一台机上时要设该参数，设为备用数据库的SID

3.设置primary database为archivelog模式SQL>shutdown immediate;SQL>startup mount;SQL>alter database archivelog;SQL>alter database open:

4.在primary database上创建standby database的控制文件SQL>shutdown immedaite;SQL>startup mount;SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘d:\oracle\product\oradata\controlstandby.ctl’SQL>alter database open;然后将该controlfile复制到standby server的对应位置

5.修改standby databse的初始化参数DB_UNIQUE_NAME=’standby’CONTROL_FILES='d:\oracle\product\oradata\controlstandby.ctl'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION= d:\oracle\product\arch’LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=primary'LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLELOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLESTANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=’ d:\oracle\product\arch’

REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVEFAL_SERVER=primaryFAL_CLIENT=standbySTANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTODB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT     ----当primary和standby的数据文件路径不一致时使用LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT    ----当primary和standby的数据文件路径不一致时使用LOCK_NAME_SPACE           ----当主数据库和备用数据在同一台机上时设为备用数据库的SID
具体参数的说明请参考oracle在线文档

6.设置primary database和standby database的tnsnames.oraprimary =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primary_server)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = dgtest)    )  )standby =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby_server)(PORT = 1521))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVICE_NAME = dgtest)    )  )

7.启动standby database SQL>startup nomount pfile=’d:\oracle\product\initdgtest.ora’SQL>alter database mount standby database;

8. 启动primary databaseSQL>startup pfile=’d:\oracle\product\initdgtest.ora’

9.启动standby database到recover manage模式SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Switchover
在primary上

1.SQL>select switchover_status from v$database switchover_status的值入股是To standby，可以直接switchover，如果是sessions active，     则需要在switchover的命令后面加上with session shutdown

2. SQL>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

3. SQL>shutdowm immediate;

4. SQL>startup mount;

在standby上


1. SQL> select switchover_status from v$database
    switchover_status的值入股是To primary，可以直接switchover，如果是sessions active，        则需要在switchover的命令后面加上with session shutdown

2. SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary;

3. SQL>shutdown immediate;

4. SQL>startup;

要想顺利的实现switchover，最好在每台server上都同时设置好primary和standby的一些初始化参数，虽然其中一些参数只有在primary或者standby其中之一上起作用  

Failover

在standby上

1. SQL>alter database recover managed standby database finish; or SQL>alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfile;

2. SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary;

3. SQL>shutdown immediate;

4. SQL>startup;

相关视图   v$archive_dest
v$archive_dest_status   v$log_history   v$archvied_log   v$managed_standby   v$archive_gap

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常见问题

1. 日志无法传送  SQL>select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest; 察看相应的归档路径的状态是否valid，否则根据error信息进行处理

2.无法使用alter database重命名data file在standby上，当设置standby_file_management为auto时，不允许下列操作alter database renamealter database add/drop logfilealter database add/drop standby logfile memberalter database create datafile as

3.switchover失败SQL>alter database commit to switchover to physical standbyORA-01093:alter database close only permitted with no session connected察看引起该错误的活动sessionSQL> select sid,process,program from v$session where type='USER' and    sid<>(select distinct sid from v$mystat);断开该session，或者使用如下命令来做switchoverSQL>lter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;