Oracle dataGuard专题：利用rman创建standby

使用rman来创建standby，过程相当简单，主库无需停机。本次试验演示了利用Rman热备，然后restore来创建备库的过程。

1. 演示环境

[oracle@gaojf orcl]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Dec 6 08:54:45 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL>

2. 确认主库处于归档模式

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode            Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /free/oracle/orabak
Oldest online log sequence     275
Next log sequence to archive   277
Current log sequence           277
SQL>
3：创建备库instance

windows平台利用oradim工具创建一个新的instance，unix/linux平台设置新的ORACLE_SID即可，我的是linux平台，设置ORACLE_SID即可。

4：准备好备库的参数文件

本次试验在两个系统上建主备库，另外如果主备库都在一起的话，db_name设置为主库名，lock_name_space设置为备库名，同时要注意设置好DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT和LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT参数。

备库主要的几个参数如下：
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMARY,STANDBY)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/free/oracle/orabak VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=primary VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PRIMARY LGWR SYNC AFFIRM'
*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'
*.FAL_CLIENT='STANDBY'
*.FAL_SERVER='PRIMARY'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/free/oracle/orabak'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'

主库几个主要参数如下：

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMAYR,STANDBY)'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='PRIMARY'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/free/oracle/orabak'
#*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=STANDBYVALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY LGWR SYNC AFFIRM' ＃LGWR方式
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=STANDBY DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY ARCH SYNC REOPEN=10' ＃arch方式
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='arc%s%t%r.arc'
*.FAL_SERVER='STANDBY'
*.FAL_CLIENT='PRIMARY'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
*.standby_archive_dest='/free/oracle/orabak'

5.在备库生成password file

[oracle@gaojfdbs]$Orapwd file=/free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/orapworcl.ora password=orcl entries=5

或者可以直接复制主库密码文件到备库相应的位置也可。

6.配置网络

配置主备库的listener.ora,tnsnames.ora。修改完lisner.ora后注意重启监听。

主库Listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PL***tProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.144)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

备库Listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PL***tProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.253)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

tnsnames.ora（主备库配置一样）

PRIMARY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.144)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = primary)
    )
  )

STANDBY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.253)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = standby)
    )
  )

7.使用rman备份主库

c:/>rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: NING (DBID=1192138470)
RMAN> backup database
2> format '/free/oracle/full_%d_%T_%s'；
Starting backup at 06-DEC-06
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf
input datafile fno=00007 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf
input datafile fno=00008 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf
input datafile fno=00010 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf
input datafile fno=00011 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf
input datafile fno=00009 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-DEC-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-DEC-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/full_ORCL_20061206_37 tag=TAG20061206T101027 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:15
Finished backup at 06-DEC-06

8.生成备库控制文件

SQL>
alter database create standby controlfile as '/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby.ctl';
  
9：复制 rman全备份到备库
利用操作系统命令scp，或者ftp bin方式复制rman全备份到备库。
由于我rman主库备份时设置备份文件位置为/free/oracle，因此必须把此备份文件也放到备库同样的位置。
同时scp 控制文件standby.ctl到备库相应的位置。

10.启动备库到nomount状态
SQL> conn /as  sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

11.将备库至于mount状态

SQL> alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.

如果没有password file，则报错：
ORA-01990: error opening password file '/free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/orapworcl.ora '

12.利用rman恢复出备库

:~> rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 12月 7 06:39:56 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1132959697, not open)
RMAN>
RMAN> restore database;
Starting backup at 06-DEC-06
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoringdatafile fno=00001 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
restoringdatafile fno=00003 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile fno=00006 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf
restoring datafile fno=00007 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf
restoring datafile fno=00008 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf
restoring datafile fno=00010 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf
restoringdatafile fno=00011 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf
restoring datafile fno=00009 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf
restoringdatafilefno=00002name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile fno=00005 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf
restoring datafile fno=00004 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-DEC-06
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-DEC-06
piecehandle=/free/oracle/full_ORCL_20061206_37tag=TAG20061206T101027 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:15
Finished restore at 06-DEC-06

13.将备库置于自动恢复状态

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.

14.在主库上执行检查

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_NAME                      STATUS    ERROR
------------------------------        -------- ----------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1             VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2             VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9             INACTIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10            INACTIVE

10 rows selected.

SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;

no rows selected

SQL> select sequence# from v$log_history;

SEQUENCE#
----------
1
2
...
303

15.在备库上执行检查

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;

no rows selected

SQL> select sequence# from v$log_history;

SEQUENCE#
----------
1
2
...
303

SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# APPLIE
---------- ------
       295 YES
       296 YES
       297 YES
       298 YES
       299 YES
       300 YES
       301 YES
       302 YES
       303 YES
SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS            STATUS
------------------ ------------------------
ARCH               CLOSING
ARCH               CLOSING
RFS                IDLE
MRP0               WAIT_FOR_LOG