Zend Framework 2.1.5 中根据服务器的环境配置调用数据库等的不同配置

在 Zend Framework 1.* 中，可以根据 Apache 服务器的环境配置来让程序调用不同的设置。

主要用于在不同情况下，调用不同的数据库、不同的警告和错误级别等：例如，在开发环境下调用本机数据库和最低级别的警告和错误提示，在测试环境下调用测试数据库和最低级别的警告和错误提示，在发布环境中调用正式数据库和较高级别的警告和错误提示。

在 ZF 1 中，可以在 Apache 的 SetEnv 指令，配合 ZF 1 的 APPLICATION_ENV 常量，以及项目目录中的 /configs/application.ini 来实现这一目的。

Apache 示例：
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<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "E:/ZF1/public"
    ServerName .local

    # This should be omitted in the production environment
    SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development

    <Directory "E:/ZF1/public">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

/public/index.php 入口文件示例：

<?php

 // Define path to application directory
 defined('APPLICATION_PATH')
     || define('APPLICATION_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../application'));

 // Define application environment
 defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
     || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'production'));

 // Ensure library/ is on include_path
 set_include_path(implode(PATH_SEPARATOR, array(
     realpath(APPLICATION_PATH . '/../library'),
     get_include_path(),
 )));

 /** Zend_Application */
 require_once 'Zend/Application.php';

 // Create application, bootstrap, and run
 $application = new Zend_Application(
     APPLICATION_ENV,
     APPLICATION_PATH . '/configs/application.ini'
 );
 $application->bootstrap()
             ->run();

/configs/application.ini 配置文件示例：

[production]
 phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 0
 phpSettings.display_errors = 0
 includePaths.library = APPLICATION_PATH "/../library"
 bootstrap.path = APPLICATION_PATH "/Bootstrap.php"
 bootstrap.class = "Bootstrap"
 appnamespace = "Application"
 resources.frontController.controllerDirectory = APPLICATION_PATH "/controllers"
 resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 0

 [staging : production]

 [testing : production]
 phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
 phpSettings.display_errors = 1

 [development : production]
 phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
 phpSettings.display_errors = 1
 resources.frontController.params.displayExceptions = 1

在 ZF 2 中，没有提供这一方法，只提供了用本地配置文件替换全局配置文件的方法，即在 /config/autoload 文件夹中可以放置 *global.php 文件，并在其中放置全局配置数组，再放置 *local.php 配置文件，在其中放置本地配置数组。

在载入时，会自动用 local 配置覆盖 global 配置，同时利用 svn 和 git 等版本控制工具，将 *local.php 排除在提交文件之外，以保证本地配置文件不会影响到生产环境和其他人。

但是这种方法有局限性，一是利用了 svn 和 git 的特性，二是只有两级配置。

以下提供一种类似于 ZF 1 的解决方案，思路是根据 Apache 中 SetEnv 指令设置的 APPLICATION_ENV 变量来设置 PHP 的 APPLICATION_ENV 常量，再根据此常量值来载入不同的配置文件。

Apache 示例：

Listen 6001
 NameVirtualHost *:6001

 <Directory "E:/clbx.cn/public">
     AllowOverride All
     Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
     <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
         Order allow,deny
         Allow from all
     </Limit>
     <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
         Order deny,allow
         Deny from all
     </LimitExcept>
 </Directory>

 <VirtualHost *:6001>
     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
     ServerAdmin [e-mail]
     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
 </VirtualHost>

 Listen 6002
 NameVirtualHost *:6002

 <VirtualHost *:6002>
     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV local
     ServerAdmin [e-mail]
     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
 </VirtualHost>

 Listen 6003
 NameVirtualHost *:6003

 <VirtualHost *:6003>
     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV test
     ServerAdmin [e-mail]
     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
 </VirtualHost>

 Listen 6004
 NameVirtualHost *:6004

 <VirtualHost *:6004>
     SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV production
     ServerAdmin [e-mail]
     DocumentRoot "E:/clbx.cn/public"
     ServerName local.zlbx.cn
     ErrorLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-error.log"
     CustomLog "logs/local.zlbx.cn-access.log" common
 </VirtualHost>

注意其中带有 SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV 指令的那些行。这样在带有不同端口时，就会产生不同的 APPLICATION_ENV 变量值。

项目 /public/index.php 入口文件：

<?php
 /**
  * This makes our life easier when dealing with paths. Everything is relative
  * to the application root now.
  */
 chdir(dirname(__DIR__));

 // Define application environment
 defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
     || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'development'));

 // Setup autoloading
 require 'init_autoloader.php';

 // Run the application!
 Zend\Mvc\Application::init(require 'config/application.config.php')->run();

注意，下面这三行是原文件没有的：

// Define application environment
defined('APPLICATION_ENV')
    || define('APPLICATION_ENV', (getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') ? getenv('APPLICATION_ENV') : 'development'));

修改 /module/Application/Module.php:

<?php
 return array(
     'modules' => array(
         'Application',
     ),

     'module_listener_options' => array(
         'module_paths' => array(
             './module',
             './vendor',
         ),

         'config_glob_paths' => array(
             'config/autoload/{,*.}' . APPLICATION_ENV . '.{global,local}.php', //原为 'config/autoload/{,*.}{global,local}.php',
         ),

     ),
 );

注意第 14 行。

在浏览器中访问 localhost:6001、localhost:6002、localhost:6003、localhost:6004 就会调用不同的配置。

此方案的缺点是不能像 ZF 1 那样，配置之间可以有继承关系，虽然通过修改 /module/Application/Module.php，可以部分实现，总是不够灵活，期待 Zend 官方提供更好的解决方案。

 

在项目 /config/autoload 文件夹分别建立 development.local.php、test.local.php、test.global.php、production.global.php 文件，分别针对 开发环境、本地测试环境、服务器测试环境、产品环境，内容分别如下：

development.local.php：

<?php
 /**
  * Global Configuration Override
  *
  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
  * sensitive to security.
  *
  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
  * file.
  */

 return array(
     /**
      * 设置 php 环境。
      */
     'phpSettings' => array(
         'display_startup_errors' => true,
         'display_errors' => true,
         'max_execution_time' => 60,
         'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
         'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
     ),
     'db' => array(
         'driver' => 'Pdo',
         'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=development;host=localhost',
         'driver_options' => array(
             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
         ),
     ),
     'service_manager' => array(
         'factories' => array(
             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
         ),
     ),
 );

test.local.php：

<?php
 /**
  * Global Configuration Override
  *
  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
  * sensitive to security.
  *
  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
  * file.
  */

 return array(
     /**
      * 设置 php 环境。
      */
     'phpSettings' => array(
         'display_startup_errors' => true,
         'display_errors' => true,
         'max_execution_time' => 60,
         'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
         'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
     ),
     'db' => array(
         'driver' => 'Pdo',
         'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=testlocal;host=localhost',
         'driver_options' => array(
             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
         ),
     ),
     'service_manager' => array(
         'factories' => array(
             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
         ),
     ),
 );

test.global.php：

<?php
 /**
  * Global Configuration Override
  *
  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
  * sensitive to security.
  *
  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
  * file.
  */

 return array(
     /**
      * 设置 php 环境。
      */
     'phpSettings' => array(
         'display_startup_errors' => true,
         'display_errors' => true,
         'max_execution_time' => 60,
         'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
         'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
     ),
     'db' => array(
         'driver' => 'Pdo',
         'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=testglobal;host=localhost',
         'driver_options' => array(
             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
         ),
     ),
     'service_manager' => array(
         'factories' => array(
             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
         ),
     ),
 );

production.global.php：

View Code
 <?php
 /**
  * Global Configuration Override
  *
  * You can use this file for overriding configuration values from modules, etc.
  * You would place values in here that are agnostic to the environment and not
  * sensitive to security.
  *
  * @NOTE: In practice, this file will typically be INCLUDED in your source
  * control, so do not include passwords or other sensitive information in this
  * file.
  */

 return array(
     /**
      * 设置 php 环境。
      */
     'phpSettings' => array(
         'display_startup_errors' => true,
         'display_errors' => true,
         'max_execution_time' => 60,
         'date.timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
         'mbstring.internal_encoding' => 'UTF-8',
     ),
     'db' => array(
         'driver' => 'Pdo',
         'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=production;host=localhost',
         'driver_options' => array(
             PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''
         ),
     ),
     'service_manager' => array(
         'factories' => array(
             'Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter'
                     => 'Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterServiceFactory',
         ),
     ),
 );