Linux 下强制umount文件系统

最近Linux服务器异常，导致文件系统变成只读状态，无法正常卸载，只能强制卸载了，文件系统为/u03，执行命令如下。

点击(此处)折叠或打开

fuser -k -m -v /u03
umount /u03

lsof 的工具也不错

lsof |grep u03

顺便查了一下fuser的帮助。

FUSER(1)                         User Commands                        FUSER(1)

NAME
fuser - identify processes using files or sockets

SYNOPSIS
fuser [-a|-s|-c] [-4|-6] [-n  space ] [-k [-i] [-signal ] ] [-muvf] name
fuser -l
fuser -V

DESCRIPTION
fuser  displays  the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file systems.  In the default display mode,
each file name is followed by a letter denoting the type of access:

c      current directory.

e      executable being run.

f      open file. f is omitted in default display mode.

F      open file for writing. F is omitted in default display mode.

r      root directory.

m      mmap’ed file or shared library.

fuser returns a non-zero return code if none of the specified files is accessed or in case of a fatal error. If
at least one access has been found, fuser returns zero.

In  order  to look up processes using TCP and UDP sockets, the corresponding name space has to be selected with
the -n option. By default fuser will look in both IPv6 and IPv4 sockets. To change the default,  behavior,  use
the -4 and -6 options. The socket(s) can be specified by the local and remote port, and the remote address. All
fields are optional, but commas in front of missing fields must be present:

[lcl_port][,[rmt_host][,[rmt_port]]]

Either symbolic or numeric values can be used for IP addresses and port numbers.

fuser outputs only the PIDs to stdout, everything else is sent to stderr.

OPTIONS
-a     Show all files specified on the command line. By default, only files that are accessed by at  least  one
process are shown.

-c     Same as -m option, used for POSIX compatibility.

-f     Silently ignored, used for POSIX compatibility.

-k     Kill  processes accessing the file. Unless changed with -signal, SIGKILL is sent. An fuser process never
kills itself, but may kill other fuser processes. The effective user ID of the process  executing  fuser
is set to its real user ID before attempting to kill.

-i     Ask  the  user  for  confirmation before killing a process. This option is silently ignored if -k is not
present too.

-l     List all known signal names.

-m     name specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is mounted. All processes  access-
ing files on that file system are listed.  If a directory file is specified, it is automatically changed
to name/. to use any file system that might be mounted on that directory.

-n space
Select a different name space. The name spaces file (file names, the default), udp  (local  UDP  ports),
and  tcp  (local TCP ports) are supported. For ports, either the port number or the symbolic name can be
specified. If there is no ambiguity, the shortcut notation name/Ispace (e.g. 80/tcp ) can be used.

-s     Silent operation. -u and -v are ignored in this mode.  -a must not be used with -s.

-signal
Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing processes. Signals can be specified  either  by
name (e.g. -HUP) or by number (e.g. -1). This option is silently ignored if the -k option is not used.

-u     Append the user name of the process owner to each PID.

-v     Verbose  mode.  Processes  are shown in a ps-like style. The fields PID, USER and COMMAND are similar to
ps. ACCESS shows how the process accesses the file. If the access is by the kernel (e.g. in the case  of
a mount point, a swap file, etc.), kernel is shown instead of the PID.

-V     Display version information.

-4     Search  only  for  IPv4  sockets. This option must not be used with the -6 option and only has an effect
with the tcp and udp namespaces.

-6     Search only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used with the -4 option and  only  has  an  effect
with the tcp and udp namespaces.

-      Reset all options and set the signal back to SIGKILL.

FILES
/proc     location of the proc file system

EXAMPLES
fuser -km /home kills all processes accessing the file system /home in any way.

if fuser -s /dev/ttyS1; then :; else something; fi invokes something if no other process is using /dev/ttyS1.

fuser telnet/tcp shows all processes at the (local) TELNET port.

RESTRICTIONS
Processes accessing the same file or file system several times in the same way are only shown once.

If the same object is specified several times on the command line, some of those entries may be ignored.

fuser may only be able to gather partial information unless run with privileges. As a consequence, files opened
by processes belonging to other users may not be listed and executables may be classified as mapped only.

Installing fuser SUID root will avoid problems associated with partial information, but may be undesirable  for
security and privacy reasons.

udp and tcp name spaces, and UNIX domain sockets can’t be searched with kernels older than 1.3.78.

udp and tcp currently  work with IPv6 and IPv4, but the address fields can only be IPv4 addresses.

Accesses by the kernel are only shown with the -v option.

The  -k  option  only  works  on  processes. If the user is the kernel, fuser will print an advice, but take no
action beyond that.

BUGS
fuser -m /dev/sgX will show (or kill with the -k flag) all processes, even if you don’t have that  device  con-
figured. There may be other devices it does this for too.

fuser  cannot report on any processes that it doesn’t have permission to look at the file descriptor table for.
The most common time this problem occurs is when looking for TCP or UDP sockets when running fuser  as  a  non-
root user. In this case fuser will report no access

AUTHORS
Werner Almesberger

Craig Small

SEE ALSO
kill(1), killall(1), lsof(8), ps(1), kill(2).

Linux                             2005-11-05                          FUSER(1)