Oracle中如何使用nid的修改数据库名

    对于有些系统由于Oracle的数据库名称不符合规范，在不想重新创建数据库的情况下使用Oracle自带的nid工具修改数据库名称。在整个修改过程中，对控制文件和数据文件进行修改，且重置dbid，建议在修改前对数据进行备份。
    在本例子中，我们将数据库中的instance_name和db_name从“oratest”修改为“test”,数据库版本为10.2.0.3。

    查看数据库信息。

SQL> show parameter instance_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
stance_name                        string      ORATEST

SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string      ORATEST
SQL>show parameter service_name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string      ORATEST

SQL>select dbid from v$database;

      DBID
----------
3213300265

    修改前数据库名为"oratest",dbid="3213300265"。接下来修改数据库名称，先停止数据库，然后启动到mount状态下，使用nid工具修改dbname。

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount
Total System Global Area  268435456 bytes
Fixed Size                  1261272 bytes
Variable Size             117440808 bytes
Database Buffers          146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers                2932736 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> host;

$ nid target="sys/password" dbname=test

DBNEWID: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Feb 4 11:12:36 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to database ORATEST (DBID=3213300265)

Connected to server version 10.2.0

Control Files in database:
    /u02/oradata/test/control01.ctl
    /u02/oradata/test/control02.ctl
    /u02/oradata/test/control03.ctl

Change database ID and database name ORATEST to TEST? (Y/[N]) => y

Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 3213300265 to 1976074532
Changing database name from ORATEST to TEST
    Control File /u02/oradata/test/control01.ctl - modified
    Control File /u02/oradata/test/control02.ctl - modified
    Control File /u02/oradata/test/control03.ctl - modified
    Datafile /u02/oradata/test/system01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /u02/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /u02/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /u02/oradata/test/users01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /u02/oradata/test/example01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Datafile /u02/oradata/test/temp01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Control File /u02/oradata/test/control01.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Control File /u02/oradata/test/control02.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
    Control File /u02/oradata/test/control03.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name


NID-00600: Internal Error - [28] [12152] [0] [0]

Change of database name and ID failed during validation - database is intact.
DBNEWID - Completed with validation errors.

    由于在修改过程中命令挂死，但查看输出信息，确定了控制文件和数据文件中dbid都已修改，就强行结束了instance，输出上面报错信息。

    修改参数文件中相关信息，启动数据库。

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  268435456 bytes
Fixed Size                  1261272 bytes
Variable Size             121635112 bytes
Database Buffers          142606336 bytes
Redo Buffers                2932736 bytes
ORA-01103: database name 'TEST' in control file is not 'ORATEST'

SQL> alter system set db_name=test scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL>

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted


ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  268435456 bytes
Fixed Size                  1261272 bytes
Variable Size             125829416 bytes
Database Buffers          138412032 bytes
Redo Buffers                2932736 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open


SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string      TEST
SQL> show parameter instance_name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name                        string      ORATEST
SQL> show parameter service_name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      TEST
SQL> alter database open resetlogs ;

Database altered.

SQL>

SQL> select dbid from v$database;

      DBID
----------
1976074532

SQL>

    至此，数据库称成功修改，由于dbid发生了变化，数据库已不能使用以前的备份和归档日志，应立即备份数据库。