最近这段时间不知道怎么回事都上不了chinaunix,好久也没更新blog了。从开始用debian到现在,这个系统我都安装过差不多十次了,这次重新写一下心得。
进入正题:
首先刻录debian安装盘的第一张,我用的是3.1R2(也可以从硬盘安装,但是还得去下载从支持硬盘安装的内核,比较麻烦)
(1)安装基本系统
基本系统安装比较容易,根据提示一路下来(大概10分钟),然后会重启进入基本系统配置,最后配置安装源,如果暂时不能上网(或者在局域网内)就跳过这步,结束基本配置,要不然系统会一直尝试连接服务器。
(2)安装桌面系统
基本的桌面环境可以直接用光盘就能完成
将光盘添加为源
#apt-cdrom add
如果能上网可以编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件,手动添加一些源
更新软件列表
#apt-get update
安装基本桌面环境(gnome)
#apt-get install x-window-system-core gnome-core gdm
设置locales
#dpkg-reconfigure locales
使用空格键选中zh_CN.UTF-8
到这里基本的桌面环境已经完成,如果幸运的话运行
#gdm
即可进入登录界面(注意在语言选项里选哲zh_CN.UTF-8),否则
1、提示xserver未配置好
这时KNOPPIX光盘就有用了,用这张CD启动系统,把/etc/X11/XF86Config-4
拷贝出来,替换debian系统里的相应文件,这时重启进入debian应该能出现登录界面了
但是如果使用的是PS/2
Mouse可能鼠标动不了了,按ctrl+alt+F1进入字符界面并登录
#vi /etc/X11/XF86Config-4
就在前面的几行有个“USB Mouse”,把它改成"PS/2 Mouse"就好了
这回把gdm进程kill掉,重新运行#gdm,或者是重启
如果喜欢宋体,可以拷贝Windows下的宋体simsun.ttf到/usr/share/fonts/truetype/下,运行
#fc-cache -f -v
这样,宋体就加入了,也可以使用同样方法加入别的字体。
如果进入系统觉得字体有些发虚,不怎么清楚,把下面这个文件加入到/etc/fonts/conf.d/目录下,注销一下重新进入即可体会清晰桌面:)
(下面这段代码来自:)
< ? xml version = "1.0" ? >
< !DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd" >
< !-- conf. d/ 10-myfonts. conf -->
< fontconfig>
< dir> / usr/ share/ fonts< / dir>
< dir> / usr/ local/ share/ fonts< / dir>
< dir> ~ / . fonts< / dir>
< !--加入点阵字体路径-->
< dir> / usr/ X11R6/ lib/ X11/ fonts< / dir>
< !--
配置粗体中文显示, 要配合freetype-2. 1. 10, libxft-2. 1. 7, fontconfig-2. 3. X
-->
< match target= "font" >
< !-- check to see if the font is just regular -->
< test name= "weight" compare= "less_eq" >
< int> 100< / int>
< / test>
< !-- check to see if the pattern requests bold -->
< test target= "pattern" name= "weight" compare= "more_eq" >
< int> 180< / int>
< / test>
< !-- set the embolden flag -->
< edit name= "embolden" mode= "assign" >
< bool> true< / bool>
< / edit>
< / match>
< !--
default settings for all fonts.
-->
< match target= "font" >
< !-- 打开字体的反锯齿即AA, 大号字用AA会更美观 -->
< edit mode= "assign" name= "antialias" >
< bool> t< / bool>
< / edit>
< edit mode= "assign" name= "hintstyle" >
< const> hintslight< / const>
< / edit>
< !-- 打开hint -->
< edit mode= "assign" name= "hinting" >
< bool> t< / bool>
< / edit>
< !-- 关闭autohint -->
< edit mode= "assign" name= "autohint" >
< bool> false< / bool>
< / edit>
< / match>
< !-- 关闭 8到17号字体的AA -->
< match target= "font" >
< !--
< test compare= "contains" name= "lang" >
< string> zh-cn< / string>
< string> zh-tw< / string>
< string> ja< / string>
< string> ko< / string>
< / test>
-->
< test compare= "more_eq" name= "pixelsize" qual= "any" >
< double> 8< / double>
< / test>
< test compare= "less_eq" name= "pixelsize" qual= "any" >
< double> 17< / double>
< / test>
< edit mode= "assign" name= "antialias" >
< bool> false< / bool>
< / edit>
< / match>
< !-- 解决英文字体间距过宽 -->
< match target= "font" >
< test target= "pattern" name= "lang" compare= "contains" >
< string> zh-tw< / string>
< string> zh-cn< / string>
< string> ja< / string>
< string> ko< / string>
< / test>
< edit name= "spacing" >
< const> proportional< / const>
< / edit>
< edit name= "globaladvance" >
< bool> false< / bool>
< / edit>
< / match>
< !--
设定中文最小字号, 使得小字的中文美观
-->
< match target= "font" >
< test name= "family" qual= "any" >
< string> SimSun< / string>
< string> NSimSun< / string>
< string> SimHei< / string>
< string> AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni< / string>
< string> AR PL ZenKai Uni< / string>
< string> AR PL New Sung< / string>
< string> FZSongTi< / string>
< string> FZMingTiB< / string>
< string> FangSong_GB2312< / string>
< string> KaiTi_GB2312< / string>
< / test>
< test compare= "more_eq" name= "pixelsize" >
< int> 8< / int>
< / test>
< test compare= "less_eq" name= "pixelsize" >
< int> 12< / int>
< / test>
< edit compare= "eq" name= "pixelsize" >
< int> 12< / int>
< / edit>
< / match>
< !--
把serif , sans, monospace的family( 字体族) 重新排序, 适应中文用户的用字习惯
-->
< alias>
< family> serif< / family>
< prefer>
< !--< family> Times New Roman< / family>
< family> Nimbus Roman No9 L< / family>
< family> Luxi Serif< / family>
< family> Times< / family> - - >
< family> Bitstream Vera Serif< / family>
< family> Simsun< / family>
< family> MingLiu< / family>
< family> WenQuanYi Bitmap Song< / family>
< family> AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni< / family>
< family> AR PL ZenKai Uni< / family>
< family> AR PL New Sung< / family>
< family> FZSongTi< / family>
< family> FZMingTiB< / family>
< family> Kochi Mincho< / family>
< family> AR PL SungtiL GB< / family>
< family> AR PL Mingti2L Big5< / family>
< family> Baekmuk Batang< / family>
< / prefer>
< / alias>
< alias>
< family> sans-serif< / family>
< prefer>
< !--< family> Arial< / family>
< family> Verdana< / family>
< family> Tahoma< / family>
< family> Helvetica< / family> - - >
< family> Bitstream Vera Sans< / family>
< family> SimSun< / family>
< family> MingLiu< / family>
< family> WenQuanYi Bitmap Song< / family>
< family> AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni< / family>
< family> AR PL ZenKai Uni< / family>
< family> AR PL New Sung< / family>
< family> FZSongTi< / family>
< family> FZMingTiB< / family>
< family> Kochi Gothic< / family>
< family> AR PL KaitiM GB< / family
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