最近这段时间不知道怎么回事都上不了chinaunix,好久也没更新blog了。从开始用debian到现在,这个系统我都安装过差不多十次了,这次重新写一下心得。
进入正题:
首先刻录debian安装盘的第一张,我用的是3.1R2(也可以从硬盘安装,但是还得去下载从支持硬盘安装的内核,比较麻烦)
(1)安装基本系统
基本系统安装比较容易,根据提示一路下来(大概10分钟),然后会重启进入基本系统配置,最后配置安装源,如果暂时不能上网(或者在局域网内)就跳过这步,结束基本配置,要不然系统会一直尝试连接服务器。
(2)安装桌面系统
基本的桌面环境可以直接用光盘就能完成
将光盘添加为源
#apt-cdrom add
如果能上网可以编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件,手动添加一些源
更新软件列表
#apt-get update
安装基本桌面环境(gnome)
#apt-get install x-window-system-core gnome-core gdm
设置locales
#dpkg-reconfigure locales
使用空格键选中zh_CN.UTF-8
到这里基本的桌面环境已经完成,如果幸运的话运行
#gdm
即可进入登录界面(注意在语言选项里选哲zh_CN.UTF-8),否则
1、提示xserver未配置好
这时KNOPPIX光盘就有用了,用这张CD启动系统,把/etc/X11/XF86Config-4
拷贝出来,替换debian系统里的相应文件,这时重启进入debian应该能出现登录界面了
但是如果使用的是PS/2
Mouse可能鼠标动不了了,按ctrl+alt+F1进入字符界面并登录
#vi /etc/X11/XF86Config-4
就在前面的几行有个“USB Mouse”,把它改成"PS/2 Mouse"就好了
这回把gdm进程kill掉,重新运行#gdm,或者是重启
如果喜欢宋体,可以拷贝Windows下的宋体simsun.ttf到/usr/share/fonts/truetype/下,运行
#fc-cache -f -v
这样,宋体就加入了,也可以使用同样方法加入别的字体。
如果进入系统觉得字体有些发虚,不怎么清楚,把下面这个文件加入到/etc/fonts/conf.d/目录下,注销一下重新进入即可体会清晰桌面:)
(下面这段代码来自:)
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<!-- conf.d/10-myfonts.conf -->
<fontconfig>
<dir>/usr/share/fonts</dir>
<dir>/usr/local/share/fonts</dir>
<dir>~/.fonts</dir>
<!--加入点阵字体路径-->
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir>
<!--
配置粗体中文显示,要配合freetype-2.1.10,libxft-2.1.7,fontconfig-2.3.X
-->
<match target="font">
<!-- check to see if the font is just regular -->
<test name="weight" compare="less_eq">
<int>100</int>
</test>
<!-- check to see if the pattern requests bold -->
<test target="pattern" name="weight" compare="more_eq">
<int>180</int>
</test>
<!-- set the embolden flag -->
<edit name="embolden" mode="assign">
<bool>true</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
default settings for all fonts.
-->
<match target="font" >
<!-- 打开字体的反锯齿即AA,大号字用AA会更美观 -->
<edit mode="assign" name="antialias" >
<bool>t</bool>
</edit>
<edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle" >
<const>hintslight</const>
</edit>
<!-- 打开hint -->
<edit mode="assign" name="hinting" >
<bool>t</bool>
</edit>
<!-- 关闭autohint -->
<edit mode="assign" name="autohint" >
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<!-- 关闭 8到17号字体的AA -->
<match target="font" >
<!--
<test compare="contains" name="lang" >
<string>zh-cn</string>
<string>zh-tw</string>
<string>ja</string>
<string>ko</string>
</test>
-->
<test compare="more_eq" name="pixelsize" qual="any" >
<double>8</double>
</test>
<test compare="less_eq" name="pixelsize" qual="any" >
<double>17</double>
</test>
<edit mode="assign" name="antialias" >
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<!-- 解决英文字体间距过宽 -->
<match target="font">
<test target="pattern" name="lang" compare="contains">
<string>zh-tw</string>
<string>zh-cn</string>
<string>ja</string>
<string>ko</string>
</test>
<edit name="spacing">
<const>proportional</const>
</edit>
<edit name="globaladvance">
<bool>false</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
设定中文最小字号,使得小字的中文美观
-->
<match target="font" >
<test name="family" qual="any" >
<string>SimSun</string>
<string>NSimSun</string>
<string>SimHei</string>
<string>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</string>
<string>AR PL ZenKai Uni</string>
<string>AR PL New Sung</string>
<string>FZSongTi</string>
<string>FZMingTiB</string>
<string>FangSong_GB2312</string>
<string>KaiTi_GB2312</string>
</test>
<test compare="more_eq" name="pixelsize" >
<int>8</int>
</test>
<test compare="less_eq" name="pixelsize" >
<int>12</int>
</test>
<edit compare="eq" name="pixelsize" >
<int>12</int>
</edit>
</match>
<!--
把serif ,sans,monospace的family(字体族)重新排序,适应中文用户的用字习惯
-->
<alias>
<family>serif</family>
<prefer>
<!--<family>Times New Roman</family>
<family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family>
<family>Luxi Serif</family>
<family>Times</family>-->
<family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family>
<family>Simsun</family>
<family>MingLiu</family>
<family>WenQuanYi Bitmap Song</family>
<family>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</family>
<family>AR PL ZenKai Uni</family>
<family>AR PL New Sung</family>
<family>FZSongTi</family>
<family>FZMingTiB</family>
<family>Kochi Mincho</family>
<family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family>
<family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family>
<family>Baekmuk Batang</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>sans-serif</family>
<prefer>
<!--<family>Arial</family>
<family>Verdana</family>
<family>Tahoma</family>
<family>Helvetica</family>-->
<family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family>
<family>SimSun</family>
<family>MingLiu</family>
<family>WenQuanYi Bitmap Song</family>
<family>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</family>
<family>AR PL ZenKai Uni</family>
<family>AR PL New Sung</family>
<family>FZSongTi</family>
<family>FZMingTiB</family>
<family>Kochi Gothic</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family>
<family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
<alias>
<family>monospace</family>
<prefer>
<!--<family>Courier New</family>
<family>Courier</family>
<family>Andale Mono</family>
<family>Luxi Mono</family>
<family>Nimbus Mono L</family>-->
<family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family>
<family>NSimSun</family>
<family>PMingLiu</family>
<family>WenQuanYi Bitmap Song</family>
<family>AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni</family>
<family>AR PL ZenKai Uni</family>
<family>AR PL New Sung</family>
<family>FZSongTi</family>
<family>FZMingTiB</family>
<family>Kochi Gothic</family>
<family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
<family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
</prefer>
</alias>
</fontconfig>
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