Perl常用模块使用例子

一些常用模块的简单描述

在perl 中使用模块：
模块的下载地址：
安装模块：
1. perl Makefile.PL
2. make
3. make test
4. make install
也可以用如下命令安装模块(已知的适用的系统redhat 9.0，其他的我不知道，请大家试试看 :) 。
perl -MCPAN -e shell>

接着输入：install MODEL_NAME

查看模块的帮助：
perldoc MODEL_NAME
例如：
perldoc Net::FTP

已有模块：(以下的内容转自CU，谢谢CU的朋友)
说明：
以下例子代码的测试是在FreeBSD & Solaris下进行的，Perl版本为5.005_03。

(1) Net::FTP
(2) Net::Telnet
(3) LWP::Simple, get()
(4) Expect
(5) XML::Simple, XMLin()
(6) Data::Dumper, Dumper()
(7) IO::Socket
(8) Date::Manip, DateCalc(), UnixDate()
(9) Date::Manip, Date_Cmp()
(10) File::Find, find()
(11) ExtUtils::Installed, new(), modules(), version()
(12) DBI, connect(), prepare(), execute(), fetchrow_array()
(13) Getopt::Std
(14) Proc::ProcessTable
(15) Shell
(16) Time::HiRes, sleep(), time()
(17) HTML::LinkExtor, links(), parse_file()
(18) Net::Telnet, open(), print(), getline()
(19) Compress::Zlib, gzopen(), gzreadline(), gzclose()
(20) Net::POP3, login(), list(), get()
(21) Term::ANSIColor
(22) Date::Calc Calendar(), Today()
(23) Term::Cap, Tgetend(), Tgoto, Tputs()
(24) HTTPD::Log::Filter
(25) Net::LDAP
(26) Net::SMTP mail(), to(), data(), datasend(), auth()
(27) MIME::Base64, encode_base64(), decode_base64()
(28) Net::IMAP::Simple, login(), mailboxes(), select(), get()...
(29) Bio::DB::GenBank, Bio::SeqIO
(30) Spreadsheet::ParseExcel
(31) Text::CSV_XS, parse(), fields(), error_input()
(32) Benchmark

说明：
以下例子代码的测试是在RH Linux7.2下进行的，Perl版本为5.6.0。

(33) HTTP:: Daemon, accept(), get_request()...
(34) Array::Compare, compare(), full_compare()...
(35) Algorithm::Diff, diff()
(36) List::Util, max(), min(), sum(), maxstr(), minstr()...
(37) HTML::Parser
(38) Mail::Sender
(39) Time::HiRes, gettimeofday(), usleep()
(40) Image::Magick

以下模块在RedHat 9.0 ,perl version v5.8.0 built 通过。
(41) Data::SearchReplace
----------------------------------------------------------
(1)Net::FTP

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# file: ftp_recent.pl
# Figure 6.1: Downloading a single file with Net::FTP
use Net::FTP;

use constant HOST => 'ftp.perl.org';
use constant DIR => '/pub/CPAN';
use constant FILE => 'RECENT';

my $ftp = Net::FTP->new(HOST) or die "Couldn't connect: ";
$ftp->login('anonymous') or die $ftp->message;
$ftp->cwd(DIR) or die $ftp->message;
$ftp->get(FILE) or die $ftp->message;
$ftp->quit;

warn "File retrieved successfully.\n";

-----------------------------------------------------------
(2)Net::Telnet
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# file:remoteps.pl

use strict;
use Net::Telnet;
use constant HOST => 'phage.cshl.org';
use constant USER => 'lstein';
use constant PASS => 'xyzzy';

my $telnet=Net::Telnet->new(HOST);
$telnet->login(USER,PASS);
my @lines=$telnet->cmd('ps -ef');
print @lines;

--------------------------------------------------------------
(3)LWP::Simple, get()
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use LWP::Simple qw(get);

my $url = shift || "";
my $content = get($url);

print $content;

exit 0;
最简单方便的get网页的方法。

-------------------------------------------------------------
(4) Expect

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Expect;

my $timeout = 2;
my $delay = 1;
my $cmd = "ssh";
my @params = qw/202.108.xx.xx -lusername -p22/;
my $pass = "passwd";

my $exp = Expect->spawn($cmd, @params) or die "Can't spawn $cmd\n";
$exp->expect($timeout, -re=>'[Pp]assword:');
$exp->send_slow($delay, "$pass\r\n");

$exp->interact();
$exp->hard_close();

exit 0;

-----------------------------------------------------------------
5) XML::Simple, XMLin()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use XML::Simple;
my $text = << ?xml version="1.0"? >


php
net.php.servlet


php
*.php


xml
my $x = XMLin($text);
foreach my $tag(keys %$x)
{
my %h = %{$$x{$tag}};
foreach(keys %h)
{
print "$tag => ";
print "$_ => $h{$_}\n";
}
}
exit 0;

----------------------------------------------------------------
(6) Data::Dumper, Dumper()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Data::Dumper;

print Dumper(@INC);
print Dumper(%ENV);
exit 0;

-------------------------------------
(7) IO::Socket

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use IO::Socket;

my $host = "";
my $port = "80";
my $http_head = "GET / HTTP/1.0\nHost: $host:$port\n\n";
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new("$host:$port")
or die "Socket() error, Reason : $! \n";

print $sock $http_head;
print <$sock>;

exit 0;

---------------------------------------------------------------
(8) Date::Manip, DateCalc(), UnixDate()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Date::Manip;
my $date1 = "Fri Jun 6 18:31:42 GMT 2003";
my $date2 = "2003/05/06";
my $flag=&Date_Cmp($date1,$date2);

if($flag<0)
{
print "date1 is earlier!\n";
}
elsif($flag==0)
{
print "the two dates are identical!\n";
}
else
{
print "date2 is earlier!\n";
}
exit 0;

--------------------------------------------------------------------
10) File::Find, find()
PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use File::Find;

my $file = "access.log";
my $path = "/";

find(&process, $path);

sub process{ print $File::Find::dir, "$_\n" if(/$file/); }

exit 0;

#用于在unix文件树结构中查找对象。

---------------------------------------------------------------
(11) ExtUtils::Installed, new(), modules(), version()

查看已经安装的模块的相应信息。
PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use ExtUtils::Installed;

my $inst= ExtUtils::Installed->new();
my @modules = $inst->modules();

foreach(@modules)
{
my $ver = $inst->version($_) || "???";
printf("%-12s -- %s\n", $_, $ver);
}
exit 0;

--------------------------------------------------------------------
(12) DBI, connect(), prepare(), execute(), fetchrow_array()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use DBI;

my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:mysql:dbname", 'user','passwd', '')
or die "can't connect!\n";
my $sql = qq/show variables/;
my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
$sth->execute();

while(my @array=$sth->fetchrow_array())
{
printf("%-35s", $_) foreach(@array);
print "\n";
}
$dbh -> disconnect();
exit 0;

------------------------------------------------------------------------
(13) Getopt::Std

命令行参数解析。

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Getopt::Std;

my %opts;
getopts("c:hv", %opts);

foreach(keys %opts)
{
/c/ && print "welcome to ", $opts{$_} || "ChinaUnix", "!\n";
/h/ && print "Usage : $0 -[hv] -[c msg] \n";
/v/ && print "This is demo, version 0.001.001 built for $^O\n";
}
exit 0;

------------------------------------------------------------------------
(14) Proc::ProcessTable

#直接访问Unix进程表，类似ps command。

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Proc::ProcessTable;

my $pt = new Proc::ProcessTable;

foreach(reverse sort @{$pt->table})
{
print $_->pid, " => ";
print $_->cmndline, "\n";
}
exit 0;

--------------------------------------------------------------------
(15) Shell

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Shell;

print "now is : ", date();
print "current time is : ", date("+%T");

my @dirs = ls("-laF");
foreach(@dirs)
{
print if(//$/);#print directory
}
exit 0;

Shell命令直接做为函数，在Perl中调用。

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Another use of Time::HiRes Module.

(16) Time::HiRes, sleep(), time()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Time::HiRes qw(sleep time);

$| = 1;
my $before = time;
for my $i (1..100)
{
print "$i\n";
sleep(0.01);
}
printf("time used : %.5f seconds\n", time - $before);
exit 0;

use Time::HiRes后，此模块提供sleep(), alarm(), time()的增强版以
取代perl内置的相应函数。
其中sleep()和alarm()的参数可以是小数。比如sleep(0.1)表示休眠0.1秒，
time()可以返回浮点数。

----------------------------------------------------------------------
(17) HTML::LinkExtor, links(), parse_file()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use HTML::LinkExtor;

my $p = new HTML::LinkExtor;
$p->parse_file(*DATA);

foreach my $links ($p->links())
{
map {print "$_ "} @{$links};
print "\n";
}
exit 0;

__DATA__

代码:
"">

alt="[CPAN Logo]" height="121" width="250"/>	Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
	2003-06-10 online since 1995-10-26 1662 MB 246 mirrors 2903 authors 4767 modules
Welcome to CPAN! Here you will find All Things Perl.

---

Browsing

• Perl modules


• Perl scripts


• Perl binary distributions ("ports")


• Perl source code


• Perl recent arrivals


• CPAN sites list


• (Randy Kobes)


• (search.cpan.org)


• CPAN Frequently Asked Questions

Yours Eclectically, The Self-Appointed Master Librarian (OOK!) of the CPAN

Jarkko Hietaniemi
[Disclaimer]

---

CPAN master site hosted by

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18) Net::Telnet, open(), print(), getline()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Net::Telnet;

my $p = Net::Telnet->new();
my $h = shift || "";

$p->open(Host => $h, Port => 80);
$p->print("GET /\n");
while(my $line = $p->getline())
{
print $line;
}
exit 0;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(19) Compress::Zlib, gzopen(), gzreadline(), gzclose()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Compress::Zlib;

my $gz = gzopen("a.gz", "rb");

while( $gz->gzreadline(my $line) > 0 )
{
chomp $line;
print "$line\n";
}

$gz->gzclose();
exit 0;

#直接使用shell的zmore, zless, zcat打开文件也不错，但是如果gz文件很大，还是应该选择zlib。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(20) Net::POP3, login(), list(), get()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Net::POP3;
use Data::Dumper;

my $user = "user";
my $pass = shift or die "Usage : $0 passwd\n";
my $host = "pop3.web.com";#pop3 address

my $p = Net::POP3->new($host) or die "Can't connect $host!\n";
$p->login($user, $pass) or die "user or passwd error!\n";
my $title = $p->list or die "No mail for $user\n";

foreach my $h(keys %$title)
{
my $msg = $p->get($h);
print @$msg;
}
$p->quit;
exit 0;

telnet pop3.web.com 110 也可以直接连到pop3 server上，然后通过pop3命令与邮件服务器交互，

简单的命令有：
USER name
PASS string
STAT
LIST [n]
RETR msg
DELE msg
NOOP
RSET
QUIT
有兴趣的朋友可以试一试。
这样，也就可以利用Net::Telnet来做一个收信件的简单程序。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(21) Term::ANSIColor 例子一

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);

$Term::ANSIColor::AUTORESET = 1;

$| = 1;
my $str = "Welcome to chinaunix ^_^!\n";

for my $i(0..length($str)-1)
{
print BOLD RED substr($str, $i, 1);
select(undef, undef, undef, 0.3);
}
exit 0;

查看ANSIColor.pm可以得知作者是利用ANSI转义序列，改变终端字符颜色的。
print "\e[34m\n";
即是改变前景色为blue;

shell命令为echo -e "\033[31m";#改变前景色为红色。
(freeBSD，Solaris下此命令测试OK)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(21) Term::ANSIColor 例子二

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);

$Term::ANSIColor::AUTORESET = 1;

$| = 1;

print "\e[20;40H";
my $str = "Welcome to chinaunix ^_^!\n";

print BOLD BLINK $str;
exit 0;

转义序列echo -e "\033[20;40H";可以改变光标位置。
perl中就可以：print "\e[20;40H";

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(22) Date::Calc Calendar(), Today()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Date::Calc qw(Calendar Today);

my $year = "2003";
my $month = "6";
my $day;

my $cal = Calendar($year, $month);
(undef, undef, $day) = Today();

$cal =~ s/$day/e[5me[31m$daye[0m/;

print $cal;
exit 0;

本例子打印出一个2003年6月份的日历，当天日期用红色的闪烁数字表示。

Date::Calc提供了时间日期计算的另一种方式（一种是Date::Manip），
大量简单方便的方法（函数）供使用者调用。

在例子中的年和月我是自己指定的，也可以
($year, $month, $day) = Today();

颜色和闪烁是用ANSI escape sequences。
详细说明尽在ANSIColor.pm source和perldoc Term::ANSIColor里。
（perldoc Term::ANSIColor其实也在ANSIColor.pm source里） ：）

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(23) Term::Cap, Tgetend(), Tgoto, Tputs()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Term::Cap;

$| = 1;
my $i = 1;
my $flag = 0;

my $tcap = Term::Cap->Tgetent({TERM => undef, OSPEED => 1});
$tcap->Tputs('cl', 1, *STDOUT);#clear screen

while($i)
{
if($i > 50 || $flag == 1)
{
$i --;
$flag = 1;
$flag = 0 if($i == 1);
}
else
{
$i ++;
$flag = 0;
}

$tcap->Tgoto('cm', $i, 15, *STDOUT);#move cursor
print " welcome to chinaunix! ";
select(undef, undef, undef, 0.02);
}
exit 0;

Term::Cap 终端控制模块。
代码效果：一个左右移动的字串 "welcome to chinaunix! " ：）

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(24) HTTPD::Log::Filter

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use HTTPD::Log::Filter;

my $filter = HTTPD::Log::Filter->new(format => "CLF",
capture => ['request', 'host']);

foreach(`cat access_log`)
{
chomp;
unless( $filter->filter($_) )
{
print "[$_]\n";
next;
}
print $filter->request, "\n";
}
exit 0;

如果我们工作中经常需要分析Apache日志，这个模块可以提供一些方便。
创建对象实例以后，用filter方法来过滤，没有正确匹配的行将返回false,
然后用相应的方法print出我们需要的数据。(host,request,date...等等方法，
由capture选项以参数引入)
可以用re方法打印出作者所使用的匹配模式：

代码:

use HTTPD::Log::Filter;
print HTTPD::Log::Filter->new(format=>"CLF",capture=>['request'])->re;

详见perldoc HTTPD::Log::Filter. enjoy it

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(25) Net::LDAP

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use Net::LDAP;

## get a object of ldap
$ldap = Net::LDAP->new("1.1.1.1", port =>"389", version => 3) or die "$@";
# object of Net::LDAP::Message
$mesg = $ldap->bind($_cer_id, password => $_cer_pw); # 查詢用的ID/PASSWD
if($mesg->is_error) {die $mesg->error;}
$mesg = $ldap->search(
base => "o=abc,c=tt", # 起始點
scope => "sub", # 範圍
filter => "(uid=apile)", # 條件
attrs => ["cn"], # 要取得的attribute
typesonly => 0 );

my $max_len = $mesg->count; ## get number of entry

#--取得中文姓名，可能不只一筆
for($i=0;$i<$max_len;$i++){
$entry = $mesg->entry($i);
$cname = $entry->get_value("cn"); # get chinese name
}

#--作密碼認證
$mesg = $ldap->bind($entry->dn, password => "abc", version => 3)
||die "can't connect to ldap";
if($mesg->code) { print "verification is failed"}
else{ print "success"}

LDAP version 3..可以用於查詢基本資料、驗證密碼之用..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(26) Net::SMTP mail(), to(), data(), datasend(), auth()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Net::SMTP;

my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('smtp.sohu.com', Timeout => 10, Debug => 0)
or die "new error\n";
#$smtp->auth("user", "passwd") or die "auth error\n";
$smtp->mail('some');
$smtp->to();
$smtp->data("chinaunix,哈楼你好啊!\n[b]:[/b])");
$smtp->quit;

exit 0;

有的SMPT Server需要Authentication，那么就使用auth()方法进行验证。
Debug模式打开，可以看到详细的SMTP命令代码。也有助于我们排错。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(27) MIME::Base64, encode_base64(), decode_base64()

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use MIME::Base64;

foreach()
{
print decode_base64($_);
}
exit 0;

__DATA__
xOO6w6Osu7bTrcC0tb1jaGluYXVuaXguY29tIFtwZXJsXbDmIQo=
1eLKx2Jhc2U2NLHgwuu1xMD919OjrNPJTUlNRTo6QmFzZTY0xKO/6cC0veLC66GjCg==
cGVybGRvYyBNSU1FOjpCYXNlNjQgZm9yIGRldGFpbHMsIGVuam95IGl0IDopCg==

用来处理MIME/BASE64编码。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(28) Net::IMAP::Simple, login(), mailboxes(), select(), get()...

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Net::IMAP::Simple;

my $server = new Net::IMAP::Simple( 'imap.0451.com' );
$server->login( 'user_name', 'passwd');

#show the mailboxs
#map {print "$_\n";} $server->mailboxes();

#show mail's content
my $n = $server->select( 'inbox' ) or die "no this folder\n";
foreach my $msg ( 1..$n )
{
my $lines = $server->get( $msg );
print @$lines;
print "_________________ Press enter key to view another! ...... __________________\n";
read STDIN, my $key, 1;
}

exit 0;

在取得中文的Folder时，会出现乱码的情况，
这个问题现在没有解决。英文的Folder则没问题。

IMAP协议，默认端口为143，可以用telnet登录。

telnet imap.xxx.com 143
2 login user pass
2 list "" *
2 select inbox
......

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
(29) Bio::DB::GenBank, Bio::SeqIO

bioperl()模块使用--生物信息学中用的模块
功能：根据核酸的gi号自动从GenBank中提取FASTA格式的序列，可以多序列提取。
PHP代码:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use Bio::DB::GenBank;
use Bio::SeqIO;
my $gb = new Bio::DB::GenBank;

my $seqout = new Bio::SeqIO(-fh => *STDOUT, -format => 'fasta');

# if you want to get a bunch of sequences use the batch method
my $seqio = $gb->get_Stream_by_id([ qw(27501445 2981014)]);

while( defined ($seq = $seqio->next_seq )) {
$seqout->write_seq($seq);
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
(30) Spreadsheet::ParseExcel
perl解析Excel文件的例子。

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use Spreadsheet::ParseExcel;
use Spreadsheet::ParseExcel::FmtUnicode; #gb support

my $oExcel = new Spreadsheet::ParseExcel;

die "You must provide a filename to $0 to be parsed as an Excel file" unless @ARGV;
my $code = $ARGV[1] || "CP936"; #gb support
my $oFmtJ = Spreadsheet::ParseExcel::FmtUnicode->new(Unicode_Map => $code); #gb support
my $oBook = $oExcel->Parse($ARGV[0], $oFmtJ);
my($iR, $iC, $oWkS, $oWkC);
print "FILE :", $oBook->{File} , "\n";
print "COUNT :", $oBook->{SheetCount} , "\n";

print "AUTHOR:", $oBook->{Author} , "\n"
if defined $oBook->{Author};

for(my $iSheet=0; $iSheet < $oBook->{SheetCount} ; $iSheet++)
{
$oWkS = $oBook->{Worksheet}[$iSheet];
print "--------- SHEET:", $oWkS->{Name}, "\n";
for(my $iR = $oWkS->{MinRow} ;
defined $oWkS->{MaxRow} && $iR <= $oWkS->{MaxRow} ;
$iR++)
{
for(my $iC = $oWkS->{MinCol} ;
defined $oWkS->{MaxCol} && $iC <= $oWkS->{MaxCol} ;
$iC++)
{
$oWkC = $oWkS->{Cells}[$iR][$iC];
print "( $iR , $iC ) =>", $oWkC->Value, "\n" if($oWkC);
}
}
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(31) Text::CSV_XS, parse(), fields(), error_input()

如果field里面也包含分隔符(比如"tom,jack,jeff","rose mike",O'neil,"kurt,korn")，那么我们
解析起来确实有点麻烦，
Text::CSV_XS挺方便。
PHP代码:
#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Text::CSV_XS;

my @columns;
my $csv = Text::CSV_XS->new({
'binary' => 1,
'quote_char' => '"',
'sep_char' => ','
});

foreach my $line()
{
chomp $line;
if($csv->parse($line))
{
@columns = $csv->fields();
}
else
{
print "[error line : ", $csv->error_input, "]\n";
}

map {printf("%-14s\t", $_)} @columns;
print "\n";
}
exit 0;

__DATA__
id,compact_sn,name,type,count,price
37,"ITO-2003-011","台式机,compaq","128M","290","1,2900"
35,I-BJ-2003-010,"显示器,硬盘,内存",'三星',480,"1,4800"
55,"C2003-104",笔记本,"Dell,Latitude,X200",13900,"1,13900"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(32) Benchmark

PHP代码:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use Benchmark;

timethese(100,
{
'local'=>q
{
for(1..10000)
{
local $a=$_;
$a *= 2;
}
},

'my'=>q
{
for(1..10000)
{
my $a=$_;
$a *= 2;
}
}
});

可以拿?硭隳硞

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