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分类: LINUX

2018-08-10 18:25:03

用户管理-002

作者:xzlab

邮箱:xzlab1234@163.com

n常用命令

id

查看用户id信息

[root@host1 ~]# id jim

uid=1004(jim) gid=1004(jim) groups=1004(jim)


su

切换用户

[root@host1 ~]# su jim

[jim@host1 root]$

切换用户(切换家目录和环境变量)

[root@host1 ~]# su - jim

Last login: Fri Aug 10 15:31:29 CST 2018 on pts/0

[jim@host1 ~]$


useradd

添加用户、指定uid

[root@host1 ~]# useradd -u 2000 kevin

[root@host1 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep kevin

kevin:x:2000:2000::/home/kevin:/bin/bash

添加用户、指定辅助组(G,会新建同名组)

[root@host1 ~]# useradd -G team1 lily

[root@host1 ~]# id lily

uid=2001(lily) gid=2002(lily) groups=2002(lily),2001(team1)

添加用户、指定主要组(g,不会新建同名组)

[root@host1 ~]# useradd -g team1 lucy

[root@host1 ~]# id lucy

uid=2002(lucy) gid=2001(team1) groups=2001(team1)

添加用户、指定家目录

[root@host1 ~]# useradd -d /aaa john

[root@host1 ~]# ls /aaa -al

total 16

drwx------.  3 john john   74 Aug 10 15:36 .

dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Aug 10 15:36 ..

-rw-r--r--.  1 john john   18 Jan 11  2015 .bash_logout

-rw-r--r--.  1 john john  193 Jan 11  2015 .bash_profile

-rw-r--r--.  1 john john  231 Jan 11  2015 .bashrc

drwxr-xr-x.  4 john john   37 Apr  4 13:01 .mozilla

添加用户、指定登陆shell

[root@host1 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin jack

[root@host1 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep jack

jack:x:1006:1006::/home/jack:/sbin/nologin

添加用户、指定用户有效期

[root@host1 ~]# useradd -e 2018-08-11 stone

[root@host1 ~]# chage -l stone

Last password change                                    : Aug 10, 2018

Password expires                                        : never

Password inactive                                       : never

Account expires                                         : Aug 11, 2018

Minimum number of days between password change          : 0

Maximum number of days between password change          : 99999

Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7


passwd

修改用户密码(交互模式)

[root@host1 ~]# passwd lily

Changing password for user lily.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 7 characters

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

修改用户密码(非交互模式)

[root@host1 ~]# echo lab123 | passwd --stdin lucy

Changing password for user lucy.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

查看密码状态(查看是否被锁定)

[root@host1 ~]# passwd -S lily

lily LK 2018-08-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)


userdel

删除用户,并删除用户家目录

[root@host1 ~]# userdel -r john

[root@host1 ~]# ls /home -al

total 20

drwxr-xr-x.  6 jim   jim     49 Aug  9 21:55 .

dr-xr-xr-x. 17 jim   jim   4096 Apr  4 13:13 ..

drwx------.  5 boss  boss  4096 Aug  5 11:00 boss

drwx------.  5  1004  1004 4096 Aug  9 21:50 jim

drwx------.  5 tom   tom   4096 Aug  5 22:17 tom

drwx------. 15 xzlab xzlab 4096 Jul 16 21:41 xzlab


usermod

修改用户(锁定用户)

[root@host1 ~]# usermod -L lily

[root@host1 ~]# chage -l lily

Last password change                                    : Aug 10, 2018

Password expires                                        : never

Password inactive                                       : never

Account expires                                         : never

Minimum number of days between password change          : 0

Maximum number of days between password change          : 99999

Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7

[root@host1 ~]# passwd -S lily

lily LK 2018-08-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)

修改用户(取消锁定)

[root@host1 ~]# usermod -U lily

[root@host1 ~]# passwd -S lily

lily PS 2018-08-10 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)


groupadd

[root@host1 ~]# groupadd -g 3000 team2

[root@host1 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep team2

team2:x:3000:


groupdel

[root@host1 ~]# groupdel team2


groupmod

修改组id

[root@host1 ~]# groupmod -g 4000 team2

修改组名

[root@host1 ~]# groupmod -n group2 team2

[root@host1 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep group2

group2:x:4000:

修改组密码

[root@host1 ~]# groupmod -p lab123 group2


gpasswd

设定组成员(注意,用该命令会把之前的成员关系全部更新,如果该组已经有成员关系,注意风险)

[root@host1 ~]# gpasswd -M kevin,stone,jack team1


chage

查看帮助信息

[root@host1 ~]# chage -h

Usage: chage [options] LOGIN

Options:

  -d, --lastday LAST_DAY        set date of last password change to LAST_DAY

  -E, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE

  -h, --help                    display this help message and exit

  -I, --inactive INACTIVE       set password inactive after expiration

                                to INACTIVE

  -l, --list                    show account aging information

  -m, --mindays MIN_DAYS        set minimum number of days before password

                                change to MIN_DAYS

  -M, --maxdays MAX_DAYS        set maximim number of days before password

                                change to MAX_DAYS

  -R, --root CHROOT_DIR         directory to chroot into

  -W, --warndays WARN_DAYS      set expiration warning days to WARN_DAYS

查看账号信息

[root@host1 ~]# chage -l jim

Last password change                                    : Aug 09, 2018

Password expires                                        : never

Password inactive                                       : never

Account expires                                         : never

Minimum number of days between password change          : 0

Maximum number of days between password change          : 99999

Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7

下次登陆强制修改密码

[root@host1 ~]# chage -d 0 tom

[root@host1 ~]# chage -l tom

Last password change                                    : password must be changed

Password expires                                        : password must be changed

Password inactive                                       : password must be changed

Account expires                                         : never

Minimum number of days between password change          : 0

Maximum number of days between password change          : 99999

Number of days of warning before password expires       : 7


who

查看当前登录用户

[root@host1 ~]# who

(unknown) :0           2018-08-10 15:28 (:0)

root     pts/0        2018-08-10 15:29 (192.168.1.100)


w

查看当前登录用户详细信息

[root@host1 ~]# w

 17:19:38 up  1:40,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT

root     pts/0    192.168.1.100    15:29   53:46   0.81s  0.81s -bash

root     pts/1    192.168.1.100    17:10    2.00s  0.17s  0.02s w


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