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分类: Mysql/postgreSQL
2023-08-18 16:11:59
PostgreSQL从小白到专家,是从入门逐渐能力提升的一个系列教程,内容包括对PG基础的认知、包括安装使用、包括角色权限、包括维护管理、、等内容,希望对热爱PG、学习PG的同学们有帮助,欢迎持续关注CUUG PG技术大讲堂。
第26讲:PG-FDW部署
内容1 : Foreign Data Wrappers(FDW)简介与特性
内容2 : Postgres_FDW部署
内容3 : FDW执行原理
内容4 : 本地外部表操作
Foreign Data Wrappers
Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW)
FDW部署
部署FDW(在客户端部署)
1、编译postgres_fdw
cd /soft/postgresql-12.2/contrib/postgres_fdw
make
make install
2、安装postgres_fdw (哪个database上使用,就在哪个database上安装)
create extension postgres_fdw;
3、创建fdw服务器
CREATE SERVER pgdb FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw
OPTIONS (host 'pg2',port '1922',dbname 'testdb');
Host:远程主机名、ip地址
Port:远程数据库监听端口
Dbname:远程服务器名字
4、授权
GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER pgdb TO pg_fdw1;
5、创建用户映射(本地用户与远程用户映射)
CREATE USER MAPPING FOR pg_fdw1 SERVER pgdb
OPTIONS (user 'scott', password 'tiger');
user:远程数据库用户
password:用户密码
6、创建FDW表(以pg_fdw1用户创建)
GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER pgdb TO scott_pg;
6、创建FDW表(以pg_fdw1用户创建)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE emp_fdw (
EMPNO int ,
ENAME VARCHAR(10),
JOB VARCHAR(9),
MGR int,
HIREDATE date,
SAL float4,
COMM float4,
DEPTNO int
) SERVER pgdb OPTIONS (schema_name 'public', table_name 'emp');
Schema_name:public,特定schema用户创建的表,则写该schema名字
Table_name:需要访问的表表名
7、创建FDW表(以pg_fdw1用户创建)
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE dept_fdw (
deptno integer,
dname character varying(14),
loc character varying(13)
)SERVER pgdb OPTIONS (schema_name ‘public', table_name 'dept');;
Schema_name:public,特定schema用户创建的表,则写该schema名字
Table_name:需要访问的表表名
8、访问FDW表(以pg_fdw1用户访问)
SELECT * FROM emp_fdw;
SELECT * FROM dept_fdw;
*访问FDW表的语法与访问本地表一样。
FDW原理
FDW执行流程
FDW执行流程
1、Creating a Query Tree(访问pg_catalog.pg_class和pg_catalog.pg_foreign_table)
2、Connecting to the Remote Server(使用libpq库)
3、Creating a Plan Tree Using EXPLAIN Commands (Optional)(访问pg_catalog.pg_user_mapping和pg_catalog.pg_foreign_server)
4、Deparesing(postgres_fdw从通过解析和分析创建的查询树中重新创建一个纯文本文件,在PostgreSQL中称为deparsing。)
5、Sending SQL Statements and Receiving Result
FDW执行流程(PG-PG)
在远程服务器端打开日志,可以查看到访问流程:
log_destination = 'csvlog'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d'
log_truncate_on_rotation = off
log_rotation_age = 1d
log_rotation_size = 0
log_error_verbosity = verbose
log_statement = all
各个版本功能演进
执行DML操作(PG-PG支持DML操作,其它不支持)
PostgreSQL_FDW不会检测死锁
localdb=# -- Client A
localdb=# BEGIN;
BEGIN
localdb=# UPDATE tbl_local SET data = 0 WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE 1
localdb=# UPDATE tbl_remote SET data = 0 WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE 1
localdb=# -- Client B
localdb=# BEGIN;
BEGIN
localdb=# UPDATE tbl_remote SET data = 0 WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE 1
localdb=# UPDATE tbl_local SET data = 0 WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE 1
多表查询
Version 9.6以前版本
localdb=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM tbl_a AS a, tbl_b AS b WHERE a.id = b.id AND a.id < 200;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Merge Join (cost=532.31..700.34 rows=10918 width=16)
Merge Cond: (a.id = b.id)
-> Sort (cost=200.59..202.72 rows=853 width=8)
Sort Key: a.id
-> Foreign Scan on tbl_a a (cost=100.00..159.06 rows=853 width=8)
-> Sort (cost=331.72..338.12 rows=2560 width=8)
Sort Key: b.id
-> Foreign Scan on tbl_b b (cost=100.00..186.80 rows=2560 width=8)
(8 rows)
多表查询
(PG-PG)如果使用ALTER SERVER命令将use_remote_estimate选项设置为on,则计划器将通过执行EXPLAIN命令向远程服务器查询计划的成本,此时连接操作在远程进行,提高性能。
ALTER SERVER pgdb OPTIONS (use_remote_estimate 'on');
\des+
localdb=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM tbl_a AS a, tbl_b AS b WHERE a.id = b.id AND a.id < 200;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------
Foreign Scan (cost=134.35..244.45 rows=80 width=16)
Relations: (public.tbl_a a) INNER JOIN (public.tbl_b b)
(2 rows)
排序操作
在9.5或更早版本中:
localdb=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM tbl_a AS a WHERE a.id < 200 ORDER BY a.id;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sort (cost=200.59..202.72 rows=853 width=8)
Sort Key: id
-> Foreign Scan on tbl_a a (cost=100.00..159.06 rows=853 width=8)
(3 rows)
排序操作
在9.6或以后版本中:
localdb=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM tbl_a AS a WHERE a.id < 200 ORDER BY a.id;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Foreign Scan on tbl_a a (cost=100.00..167.46 rows=853 width=8)
(1 row)
聚组函数操作
在9.6或更早版本中:
localdb=# EXPLAIN SELECT AVG(data) FROM tbl_a AS a WHERE a.id < 200;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate (cost=168.50..168.51 rows=1 width=4)
-> Foreign Scan on tbl_a a (cost=100.00..166.06 rows=975 width=4)
(2 rows)
聚组函数操作
在10或以后版本中:
localdb=# EXPLAIN SELECT AVG(data) FROM tbl_a AS a WHERE a.id < 200;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------
Foreign Scan (cost=102.44..149.03 rows=1 width=32)
Relations: Aggregate on (public.tbl_a a)
(2 rows)
本地外部表
本地外部表
1、--添加扩展
CREATE EXTENSION file_fdw;
2、--创建SERVER FOR file
create server pg_file_server foreign data wrapper file_fdw;
3、--创建外部表,与外部文件结构一致
create foreign table emp_file_fdw
(EMPNO int,
ENAME varchar(10),
JOB varchar(9),
MGR int,
HIREDATE DATE,
SAL int,
COMM int,
DEPTNO int)
server pg_file_server
options(filename '/home/postgres/emp.csv',format 'csv',header 'true',delimiter ',');
以上就是【PostgreSQL从小白到专家】第26讲 - PG-FDW部署 的内容,欢迎一起探讨交流钉钉交流群:35,82,24,60,往期视频及文档内容联系CUUG