1, select源码分析 <内核版本2.6.11>
1.1 基本数据结构
#undef __NFDBITS
#define __NFDBITS (8 * sizeof(unsigned long)) //8*4=32
#undef __FD_SETSIZE
#define __FD_SETSIZE 1024
#undef __FDSET_LONGS
#define __FDSET_LONGS (__FD_SETSIZE/__NFDBITS) //1024/32=32
typedef __kernel_fd_set fd_set;
typedef struct {
unsigned long fds_bits [__FDSET_LONGS]; //32*23=1024 bits
} __kernel_fd_set;
typedef struct {
unsigned long *in, *out, *ex; //分别是读,写、异常数据的指针
unsigned long *res_in, *res_out, *res_ex; //读,写,异常数据返回值
} fd_set_bits;
struct timeval {
time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */
suseconds_t tv_usec; /* microseconds */
};
1.2 辅助函数
/*
* How many longwords for "nr" bits?
*/
#define FDS_BITPERLONG (8*sizeof(long))
#define FDS_LONGS(nr) (((nr)+FDS_BITPERLONG-1)/FDS_BITPERLONG)
#define FDS_BYTES(nr) (FDS_LONGS(nr)*sizeof(long))
1.3 系统调用
//select系统调用
asmlinkage long sys_select(int n, fd_set __user *inp, fd_set __user *outp,
fd_set __user *exp, struct timeval __user *tvp)
{
s64 timeout = -1;
struct timeval tv;
int ret;
if (tvp) { //若等待时间参数不为空,从用户空间把该参数复制到内核空间,并进行计算
if (copy_from_user(&tv, tvp, sizeof(tv)))
return -EFAULT;
if (tv.tv_sec < 0 || tv.tv_usec < 0)
return -EINVAL;
/* Cast to u64 to make GCC stop complaining */
if ((u64)tv.tv_sec >= (u64)MAX_INT64_SECONDS)
timeout = -1; /* infinite */
else {
timeout = ROUND_UP(tv.tv_usec, USEC_PER_SEC/HZ);
timeout += tv.tv_sec * HZ;
}
}
//进入select函数
ret = core_sys_select(n, inp, outp, exp, &timeout);
if (tvp) {
struct timeval rtv;
if (current->personality & STICKY_TIMEOUTS)
goto sticky;
rtv.tv_usec = jiffies_to_usecs(do_div((*(u64*)&timeout), HZ));
rtv.tv_sec = timeout;
if (timeval_compare(&rtv, &tv) >= 0)
rtv = tv;
if (copy_to_user(tvp, &rtv, sizeof(rtv))) {
sticky:
/*
* If an application puts its timeval in read-only
* memory, we don't want the Linux-specific update to
* the timeval to cause a fault after the select has
* completed successfully. However, because we're not
* updating the timeval, we can't restart the system
* call.
*/
if (ret == -ERESTARTNOHAND)
ret = -EINTR;
}
}
return ret;
}
static int core_sys_select(int n, fd_set __user *inp, fd_set __user *outp,
fd_set __user *exp, s64 *timeout)
{
fd_set_bits fds;
void *bits;
int ret, max_fdset;
unsigned int size;
struct fdtable *fdt;
/* Allocate small arguments on the stack to save memory and be faster */
long stack_fds[SELECT_STACK_ALLOC/sizeof(long)];
ret = -EINVAL;
if (n < 0)
goto out_nofds;
/* max_fdset can increase, so grab it once to avoid race */
rcu_read_lock();
fdt = files_fdtable(current->files);
max_fdset = fdt->max_fdset; //获取该进程打开文件的fd的最大数
rcu_read_unlock();
if (n > max_fdset) //纠正用户要求监控fd的数目,不可能超过进程打开的文件的最大数
n = max_fdset;
/*
* We need 6 bitmaps (in/out/ex for both incoming and outgoing),
* since we used fdset we need to allocate memory in units of
* long-words.
*/
size = FDS_BYTES(n); //计算总的位(bit)数目
bits = stack_fds; //获取置位空间的起始地址
if (size > sizeof(stack_fds) / 6) { //若大于初始化的空间,需要重新分配空间
/* Not enough space in on-stack array; must use kmalloc */
ret = -ENOMEM;
bits = kmalloc(6 * size, GFP_KERNEL); //注意,若fd的数目很大,这里会很耗时间
if (!bits)
goto out_nofds;
}
fds.in = bits; //把分配的空间分成6段,每段对应一种类型的fd操作
fds.out = bits + size;
fds.ex = bits + 2*size;
fds.res_in = bits + 3*size;
fds.res_out = bits + 4*size;
fds.res_ex = bits + 5*size;
if ((ret = get_fd_set(n, inp, fds.in)) || //把用户空间的参数复制到内核空间fds.in
(ret = get_fd_set(n, outp, fds.out)) ||
(ret = get_fd_set(n, exp, fds.ex)))
goto out;
zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_in); //把保存结果的空间清0
zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_out);
zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_ex);
ret = do_select(n, &fds, timeout); //开始真正的select操作
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
if (!ret) {
ret = -ERESTARTNOHAND;
if (signal_pending(current))
goto out;
ret = 0;
}
if (set_fd_set(n, inp, fds.res_in) ||
set_fd_set(n, outp, fds.res_out) ||
set_fd_set(n, exp, fds.res_ex))
ret = -EFAULT;
out:
if (bits != stack_fds) //若新分配了空间,需要释放该空间
kfree(bits);
out_nofds:
return ret;
}
int do_select(int n, fd_set_bits *fds, s64 *timeout)
{
struct poll_wqueues table;
poll_table *wait;
int retval, i;
rcu_read_lock();
retval = max_select_fd(n, fds);
rcu_read_unlock();
if (retval < 0)
return retval;
n = retval;
poll_initwait(&table);
wait = &table.pt;
if (!*timeout)
wait = NULL;
retval = 0;
for (;;) {
unsigned long *rinp, *routp, *rexp, *inp, *outp, *exp;
long __timeout;
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
inp = fds->in; outp = fds->out; exp = fds->ex;
rinp = fds->res_in; routp = fds->res_out; rexp = fds->res_ex;
for (i = 0; i < n; ++rinp, ++routp, ++rexp) { //遍历用户关注的所有n个fd(按长整形为单位)
unsigned long in, out, ex, all_bits, bit = 1, mask, j;
unsigned long res_in = 0, res_out = 0, res_ex = 0;
const struct file_operations *f_op = NULL;
struct file *file = NULL;
in = *inp++; out = *outp++; ex = *exp++;
all_bits = in | out | ex;
if (all_bits == 0) { //若没有在该长字的32位中设置任何bit,则跳过该长字那么多位数
i += __NFDBITS;
continue;
}
for (j = 0; j < __NFDBITS; ++j, ++i, bit <<= 1) { //检测每个长字的每一位(bit)
int fput_needed;
if (i >= n)
break;
if (!(bit & all_bits))
continue;
file = fget_light(i, &fput_needed);
if (file) {
f_op = file->f_op;
mask = DEFAULT_POLLMASK;
if (f_op && f_op->poll) //调用相应文件系统的poll函数进行轮训
mask = (*f_op->poll)(file, retval ? NULL : wait);
fput_light(file, fput_needed);
if ((mask & POLLIN_SET) && (in & bit)) {
res_in |= bit;
retval++;
}
if ((mask & POLLOUT_SET) && (out & bit)) {
res_out |= bit;
retval++;
}
if ((mask & POLLEX_SET) && (ex & bit)) {
res_ex |= bit;
retval++;
}
}
cond_resched();
}
if (res_in)
*rinp = res_in;
if (res_out)
*routp = res_out;
if (res_ex)
*rexp = res_ex;
}
wait = NULL;
if (retval || !*timeout || signal_pending(current))
break;
if(table.error) {
retval = table.error;
break;
}
if (*timeout < 0) {
/* Wait indefinitely */
__timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
} else if (unlikely(*timeout >= (s64)MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT - 1)) {
/* Wait for longer than MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT. Do it in a loop */
__timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT - 1;
*timeout -= __timeout;
} else {
__timeout = *timeout;
*timeout = 0;
}
__timeout = schedule_timeout(__timeout);
if (*timeout >= 0)
*timeout += __timeout;
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
poll_freewait(&table);
return retval;
}
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