之前用rndc时碰到了这个错误，但是对那次实验并不影响，所以没试过解决，为此留下来备案；
dc:connect failed:connection refused
rndc:connect failed:connection refused
解决办法：
默认安装BIND9以后，是无法直接使用 ndc 或 rndc 命令的。
先重新生成 rndc.conf
rndc-confgen > /etc/rndc.conf
将 rndc.conf 下面注释部分 Copy 到 /etc/rndc.key 文件中(必须将前面的#去掉)。
如：
# key "rndc-key" {
# algorithm hmac-md5;
# secret "xbPNyGOcwJp8pEJDLo26cQ==";
# };
#
# controls {
# inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
# allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; };
# };
如果 /etc/named.conf 中包含有 controls 这一Section，先注释掉。
然后在后面添加一行 include "/etc/rndc.key";
这样做是为了安全考虑，否则可以直接copy到 named.conf 文件中。
inet / port 的意思是，在 本机运行一个 rndc 监听端口 ，允许本机执行 ndc 或 rndc 命令。
[root@example etc]# named -g
12-May-2010 11:15:03.197 starting BIND 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5 -g
12-May-2010 11:15:03.211 adjusted limit on open files from 4096 to 1048576
12-May-2010 11:15:03.211 found 1 CPU, using 1 worker thread
12-May-2010 11:15:03.212 using up to 4096 sockets
12-May-2010 11:15:03.266 loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
12-May-2010 11:15:03.270 using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
12-May-2010 11:15:03.271 using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
12-May-2010 11:15:03.288 listening on IPv4 interface lo, 127.0.0.1#53
12-May-2010 11:15:03.311 listening on IPv4 interface eth1, 192.168.1.108#53
12-May-2010 11:15:03.312 listening on IPv4 interface vmnet1, 192.168.157.1#53
12-May-2010 11:15:03.313 listening on IPv4 interface vmnet8, 172.16.237.1#53
12-May-2010 11:15:03.336 listening on IPv4 interface virbr0, 192.168.122.1#53
12-May-2010 11:15:03.337 binding TCP socket: address in use
12-May-2010 11:15:03.395 command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953
12-May-2010 11:15:03.396 ignoring config file logging statement due to -g option
12-May-2010 11:15:03.396 couldn't open pid file '/var/run/named/named.pid': Permission denied
[root@example etc]# chmod 777 /var/run/named/
[root@example etc]# named -g
12-May-2010 11:24:08.058 starting BIND 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-4.P1.el5 -g
12-May-2010 11:24:08.059 adjusted limit on open files from 4096 to 1048576
12-May-2010 11:24:08.059 found 1 CPU, using 1 worker thread
12-May-2010 11:24:08.060 using up to 4096 sockets
12-May-2010 11:24:08.119 loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
12-May-2010 11:24:08.146 using default UDP/IPv4 port range: [1024, 65535]
12-May-2010 11:24:08.189 using default UDP/IPv6 port range: [1024, 65535]
12-May-2010 11:24:08.196 listening on IPv4 interface lo, 127.0.0.1#53
12-May-2010 11:24:08.198 listening on IPv4 interface eth1, 192.168.1.108#53
12-May-2010 11:24:08.198 listening on IPv4 interface vmnet1, 192.168.157.1#53
12-May-2010 11:24:08.223 listening on IPv4 interface vmnet8, 172.16.237.1#53
12-May-2010 11:24:08.224 listening on IPv4 interface virbr0, 192.168.122.1#53
12-May-2010 11:24:08.224 binding TCP socket: address in use
12-May-2010 11:24:08.273 command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953
12-May-2010 11:24:08.273 ignoring config file logging statement due to -g option
12-May-2010 11:24:08.277 running
原文出处：
http://c20031776.blog.163.com/blog/static/684716252011024105045566/
这只是一种情况，不一定适用，多留几处做备注：
1.
有关BIND升级报错的解决方法
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2.一次关于DNS服务器的故障排错记录——RNDC故障_
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3.
DNS服务 /etc/rndc.key was not found 解决办法_
