LNMP环境源码搭建(实测及排障)

LNMP环境源码搭建(实测及排障)

参考 http://blog.csdn.net/stuartjing/article/details/8124491

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一. 环境描述

       1. linux系统环境: centos6.5 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

       2. nginx版本:　nginx-1.8.0

       3. mysql版本: PHP 5.4.42 (cli)

       4. php版本: 5.0.95-log

二. 安装步骤

      1. nginx的安装:

           (1) 安装编译工具和依赖包: 

      yum install make gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake

      yum  -y install zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel

           (2) nginx下载与解压: 

                     wget

                     tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

           (3)nginx预安装

                   cd nginx-1.8.0

              ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \  #指定nginx安装目录

              --with-openssl=/usr/include/openssl \   #启用openssl

              --with-pcre \               #启用正则表达式

              --with-debug \            #启用调试模式

              --with-http_stub_status_module   #启用查看nginx状态模块

              生成如下信息:

              creating objs/Makefile

              Configuration summary

            + using system PCRE library

            + using OpenSSL library: /usr/include/openssl

            + md5: using system crypto library

            + sha1: using system crypto library

            + using system zlib library

              nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"

            nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

            nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"

            nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

            nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

            nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"

            nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"

            nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"

            nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"

            nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"

            nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"

            nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

           (4) 编译及编译安装

              make && make install

           (5) 启动nginx

              /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

           (6) 查看nginx

              lsof -i:80

       COMMAND  PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

       nginx   3824   root    6u  IPv4  59008      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

       nginx   3825 nobody    6u  IPv4  59008      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

      

      2. mysql的安装

           (1) 安装依赖包:

              yum -y install ncurses-devel   

              #ncurses包:提供字符终端处理库，包括面板和菜单。

           (2) mysql下载:

              wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.0/mysql-5.0.95.tar.gz

           (3) 解压mysql

                   tar zxvf mysql-5.0.95.tar.gz

           (4) 创建mysql用户

               useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

            (5) 预编译安装

         cd mysql-5.0.95

        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \

        --without-debug \               # 取消调试模式提高性能

        --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gbk \    # 仅仅指定需要的默认字符集提高性能

        --enable-assembler \           # 使用汇编模式提高性能

        --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \   # 以静态方式编译提高性能

        --with-client-ldflags=-all-static \   #以静态方式编译提高性能        

        --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock \    # 使用unix socket提高性能

        --with-ssl

         配置成功,如下提示:

         Thank you for choosing MySQL!

         Remember to check the platform specific part of the reference manual

         for hints about installing MySQL on your platform.

         Also have a look at the files in the Docs directory.

           (5)编译及编译安装

              make && make install

           (6) 复制配置文件和脚本,并分配可执行权限

                   cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

              cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

              chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

           (7) 设置软链接,为方便文件执行

        ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ 

        ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/lib* /usr/lib/ 

            (8) 初始化数据库:

               mysql_install_db --user=mysql

            (9) 设置安装目录和数据库目录的属主和属组

        chown -R root.mysql /usr/local/mysql/   

        chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/  

            (10) 启动mysql数据库

                /etc/init.d/mysqld start

            (11) 设置mysql数据库

                mysqladmin -u root password 'xxxx'

           (12) 连接mysql

                   [root@slave mysql]# mysql -uroot -pxxxx

              Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

              Your MySQL connection id is 1

              Server version: 5.0.95-log Source distribution

              Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

              Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

              affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

              owners.

              Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

              mysql> quit

      3. php的安装

           (1) 安装依赖包

        yum -y install libxml2-devel curl-devel libpng-devel openldap-devel

           (2)安装源码依赖包

              (a)安装libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

      wget \

        2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

        tar -jxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

        cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

        ./configure

        make && make install

              (b) 安装mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2

        wget \

        /mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2

               tar -jxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2

        cd mhash-0.9.9.9

        ./configure

               make && make install

        # 这两个包安装完成后要把动态链接库做一个软连接到/usr/lib,

           以为接下来的mcrypt依赖于这两个包

        ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt* /usr/lib

        ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.* /usr/lib/

        ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

              (c) 安装mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

        wget \

        MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz/download

        tar -zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

        cd mcrypt-2.6.8

        ./configure

               make && make install

                  

              报错: ./configure时如下提示

              checking for libmcrypt - version >= 2.5.0... no

*** Could not run libmcrypt test program, checking why...

*** The test program compiled, but did not run. This usually means

*** that the run-time linker is not finding LIBMCRYPT or finding the wrong

*** version of LIBMCRYPT. If it is not finding LIBMCRYPT, you'll need to set your

*** LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable, or edit /etc/ld.so.conf to point

*** to the installed location  Also, make sure you have run ldconfig if that

*** is required on your system

*** If you have an old version installed, it is best to remove it, although

*** you may also be able to get things to work by modifying LD_LIBRARY_PATH

configure: error: *** libmcrypt was not found

                  解决方法如下：运行 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

           (3) php5.4.42下载并解压

                   wget

              tar -zxvf php-5.4.42.tar.gz

              cd php-5.4.42

           (4)预编译安装

        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-zlib --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-gd --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

         configure参数说明: 

         --prefix=/usr/local/php           指定php安装目录

               --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/     指定mysql安装目录, 对mysql的支持

         --with-zlib   打开zlib库的支持，用于http压缩传输

         --disable-rpath    关闭额外的运行库文件 

        --enable-bcmath    打开图片大小调整,用到zabbix监控的时候用到了这个模块

        --enable-shmop 和 --enable-sysvsem  

        这样就使得你的PHP系统可以处理相关的IPC函数了

        --with-curl    打开curl浏览工具的支持

        --with-curlwrappers    运用curl工具打开url流 

        --enable-fpm 打上PHP-fpm 补丁后才有这个参数，CGI方式安装的启动程序

        --with-mcrypt      mcrypt算法扩展

        --with-gd    打开gd库的支持

        --with-openssl      openssl的支持，加密传输https时用到的

        --enable-sockets     打开 sockets 支持

        --with-mhash        mhash算法扩展

        --with-ldap            支持ldap

        --with-ldap-sasl       支持Cyrus SASL认证的ldap

        --with-xmlrpc    打开xml-rpc的c语言 

        --enable-zip   打开对zip的支持 

        --enable-soap  启用soap支持

        注意: --enable-safe-mode, --enable-fastcgi,参数已经去除不再使用

                 configure --help没有 --enable-xml这个参数

               来源php手册: 

               Fastcgi is the preferred SAPI to connect PHP and Lighttpd. Fastcgi is                     

               automagically enabled in php-cgi in PHP 5.3, but for older versions configure PHP with          --enable-fastcgi.

                 

              报错1: configure: error: Cannot find ldap libraries in /usr/lib

              解决办法如下:

         cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/

                  

              (5)编译及编译安装

               make && make install

            警告1:

                make: warning:  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.

                这个报错与系统时间有关,可能的原因: 系统时间与当前时间不符

4. 就配置php和nginx能运行php网站

      (1) 首先为php创建配置文件:

        cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/php.ini

        cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default  /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

        ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin/

      (2) 配置php-fpm,编辑php-fpm.conf

               vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

        listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock 

        listen.mode = 0666   #给php-fpm.sock分配写权限

      (3) 启动php-fpm

               mkdir /var/run/php-fpm

        /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

        fpm: FastCGI Process Manager：FastCGI进程管理器

      (4) 配置nginx,编辑nginx配置文件

               vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

    修改nginx配置文件支持php:

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {

            root   html;

            index  index.php index.html index.htm;    # 添加index.php的首页文件

        }

        # 添加下面内容

        location ~ \.php$ {

            fastcgi_pass        unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; 

            fastcgi_index       index.php;

            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;

            include fastcgi_params;

            include fastcgi.conf;

        }

         unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; 此处是使用unix socket

         也可以使用环回IP:  fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

            (5) 重启动nginx

        killall nginx

        /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

         启动nginx时报错

         nginx: [emerg] "fastcgi_pass" directive is not allowed here in          /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:68

         原因: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

         #location ~ \.php$ {      本行的注示符号 # 没有去掉导致,去掉即可

           (6) 创建测试页

                   在/usr/local/nginx/html下创建index.php

               vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

                           

           (7) 在浏览器中查看测试页