LNMP环境搭建（一）

lamp与lnmp的主要区别在于使用apache跟nginx的区别。其中apache解析php是通过加载mod_php5.so模块到apache中，相当于把php相关功能放到apache，然后apache再去解析php脚本；而nginx相反，其只充当一个“皮”，需要解析php的时候，nginx只把相关的请求转给php中的php-fpm的服务上面，由php-fpm进行php的相关解析。
1. MySQL安装（同LAMP里面的安装方法）
2、php安装
wget  
tar jxf php-5.4.37.tar.bz2
useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
cd php-5.4.37
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php   --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc  --enable-fpm   --with-fpm-user=php-fpm  --with-fpm-group=php-fpm   --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql  --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock  --with-libxml-dir  --with-gd   --with-jpeg-dir   --with-png-dir   --with-freetype-dir  --with-iconv-dir   --with-zlib-dir   --with-mcrypt   --enable-soap   --enable-gd-native-ttf   --enable-ftp  --enable-mbstring  --enable-exif    --disable-ipv6     --with-curl
make && make install
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
拷贝启动脚本：cp /usr/local/src/php-5.4.37/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
mv /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default  /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
3、安装nginx
cd /usr/local/src/
wget
tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.2
./configure   --prefix=/usr/local/nginx   --with-pcre
make&make install
编写nginx启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"

start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
        daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
        rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}

reload(){
        echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}

restart(){
        stop
        start
}

configtest(){
    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
    return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx
5、配置nginx解析php
nginx.conf  的配置：
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //清空原来的配置，加入如下内容：
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;
}
http

{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
    '$host "$request_uri" $status'
    '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf; （添加虚拟主机配置文件）
 }
php-fpm.conf配置：
vim   /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf     //把之前的内容清空，然后写入如下配置：
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
listen.owner = nobody  //和后面的nginx的一致
listen.group = nobody // 同上
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

扩展：可以配置多个pool，格式如下
[global]
...
...
[domain1.com]
...
...
...
[domain2.com]
...
...
...
6、创建虚拟主机配置文件
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/discuz.conf
vim !$
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/www; (网站根目录)

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;

    #    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php; （根php-fpm.conf配置定）
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www$fastcgi_script_name;
    }
}