ssh或登陆linux主机不需要输入密码的几种方法

一. 本地登陆不用密码:

   passwd  -d  USER  // 删除用户密码，使其登陆无需密码，直接登陆,恢复需重新设定密码即可

   补充:

   passwd  -l  USER  // 锁定用户，不让其登陆。

   passwd  -u  USER  // 解除锁定，让其登陆。

 

二. ssh登陆不用密码：

用SSH登录远程主机，每次都输入密码挺麻烦的，其实可以用密钥文件来登录：
1. 用ssh-keygen命令生成private/public密钥对，提示问题都用默认回答即可。

$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/guoyong/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/guoyong/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/guoyong/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
 

2. 用ssh-copy-id命令把公钥复制到远程主机上，user就是你登录用的用户名

$ ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa
 

3. 验证一下吧

$ ssh echo "it works"
 

三. Expect的应用---scp/ssh登陆

例：三服务器A.B.C 假设A.C要互相访问需经过B，本实现A与C之间的互访。A.B.C密码分别为：PWDA.PWDB.PWDC。操作主机为A。

1.从A到C的自动SSH登陆。

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 30
spawn ssh
expect "password:"
send "PWDB\r"
expect "]*"
send "ssh "
expect "password:"
send "PWDC"
interact

2.从A到C文件的SCP。

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp $file
expect "password:"
send "PWDB\r"
expect "]*"
spawn ssh
expect "password:"
send "PWDB\r"
expect "]*"
send "scp $file "
expect "password:"
send "PWDC\r"
expect "]*"
exit
interact

3.从C到A文件的SCP。

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn ssh
expect "password:"
send "PWDB\r"
expect "]*"
send "scp ./\r"
expect "password:"
send "PWDC\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
expect "]*"
spawn scp ./
expect "password:"
send "PWDB\r"
interact