【参数】ORACLE修改数据库名之完整版

引题：在实际生产环境下我们可能需要快速的复制现有的，又希望新库与原库不重名，或者我们需要复制生产库用来做研发测试，如果我们采用DBCA的方式，缺点是慢并且还没有数据，就需要从新导数据，费时又麻烦。下面我就详细介绍如何修改来完成使命，采用2种方法（1.重建修改数据库名2.使用工具修改数据库名）

一、重建控制文件修改数据库名

步骤概述

• 生成controlfile创建脚本并写入trace文件
• 执行查找trace文件语句，获取当前trace文件路径
• 停掉数据库
• 只复制数据文件、redo日志（不需要复制控制文件哦！）
• 生成新的initLEO2.orac纯文本参数文件
• 编辑新生成的initLEO2.ora纯文本参数文件
• 利用initLEO2.ora纯文本参数文件创建spfileLEO2.ora二进制参数文件、
• 数据库启动到nomount状态，加载参数文件
• 删除原库控制文件（如果拷贝的时候包括了控制文件的话）
• 修改/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO/udump/leo_ora_25621.trc文件的内容

目标：我们用原库复制出新库LEO2

1.生成controlfile创建脚本并写入trace文件

SYS@LEO> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

2.执行查找trace文件语句，获取当前trace文件路径

SYS@LEO> select c.value || '/' || d.instance_name || '_ora_' || to_char(a.spid,'fm99999') || '.trc' from v$process a, v$session b, v$parameter c, v$instance d where a.addr = b.paddr and b.audsid = userenv('sessionid') and c.name = 'user_dump_dest';

Trace文件路径

C.VALUE||'/'||D.INSTANCE_NAME||'_ORA_'||TO_CHAR(A.SPID,'FM99999')||'.TRC'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO/udump/LEO_ora_25621.trc

3.停掉数据库

SYS@LEO> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

instance shut down.

4.只复制数据文件、redo日志（不需要复制控制文件哦！）

从原来的/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO/disk1复制到

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1

5.生成新的initLEO2.orac纯文本参数文件

export ORACLE_SID=LEO

sqlplus / as sysdba         进入原库执行命令

SYS@LEO> create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initLEO2.ora' from spfile;

6.编辑新生成的initLEO2.ora纯文本参数文件

vim initLEO2.ora

需要修改的内容：

（1）路径

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO2/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO2/bdump'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk3/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO2/cdump'

*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO2/udump'

（2）数据库名

*.db_name='LEO2'

7.利用initLEO2.ora纯文本参数文件创建spfileLEO2.ora二进制参数文件

export ORACLE_SID=LEO2

sqlplus / as sysdba

SYS@LEO2> create spfile from pfile;       创建spfile

8.数据库启动到nomount状态，加载参数文件

SYS@LEO2> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                       1219184 bytes

Variable Size                  96470416 bytes

Database Buffers         213909504 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

SYS@LEO2> show parameter name

NAME                                     TYPE       VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_file_name_convert           string

                                string        LEO2

db_unique_name                   string        LEO2

global_names                        boolean     FALSE

instance_name                      string        LEO2

lock_name_space                  string

log_file_name_convert          string

service_names                       string        LEO2

SYS@LEO2> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME

----------------

LEO2

9.删除原库控制文件（如果拷贝的时候包括了控制文件的话）

路径：

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/control01.ctl,

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/control02.ctl,

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk3/control03.ctl

10.修改/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO/udump/leo_ora_25621.trc文件的内容

vim leo_ora_25621.trc

把内容拷贝到vim test.sql临时文件中修改

定位--    Set #2. RESETLOGS case 位置

（1）把CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "LEO" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG

修改成

CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "LEO2" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG

（2）把在线日志文件和数据文件的路径中的“PROD”替换成“LEO2”，修改路径

例子：/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/ 替换

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/

使用:%s#PROD#LEO2#方法替换所有“PROD”

最后的完成版并执行此脚本，就完成了控制文件的创建

CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "LEO2" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG

   MAXLOGFILES 30

   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

   MAXDATAFILES 100

   MAXINSTANCES 1

   MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

 GROUP 1 (

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/redo01.log',

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/redo01_2.log'

 ) SIZE 100M,

 GROUP 2 (

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/redo02.log',

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/redo02_2.log'

 ) SIZE 100M,

 GROUP 3 (

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/redo03.log',

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/redo03_2.log'

 ) SIZE 100M,

 GROUP 4 (

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/redo04_1.log',

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/redo04_2.log'

 ) SIZE 100M,

GROUP 5 (

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/redo05_1.log',

   '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/redo05_2.log'

) SIZE 100M

DATAFILE

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/system01.dbf',

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/undotbs01.dbf',

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/sysaux01.dbf',

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/example01.dbf',

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/indx01.dbf',

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/tools01.dbf',

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/user01.dbf',

 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/oltp01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET US7ASCII

;

11.把数据库启动到mount状态，在启动到open状态

注：必须添加resetlogs选项打开数据库，resetlogs所有以前的和归档日志均不可用

注：当我们执行完控制文件创建脚本后，数据库就已经是mount状态了。

SYS@LEO2> select open_mode,log_mode,name,dbid,db_unique_name from v$database;

 

OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE    NAME           DBID    DB_UNIQUE_NAME

---------- ------------ --------- ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------

MOUNTED NOARCHIVELOG    LEO2          1558123773 LEO2

SYS@LEO2> alter database open resetlogs;  

SYS@LEO2> select file_name,file_id,tablespace_name,status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME                                                          FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME     STATUS

-------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/oltp01.dbf         8       OLTP                    AVAILABLE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/user01.dbf       7      USERS                  AVAILABLE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/tools01.dbf     6       TOOLS                  AVAILABLE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/indx01.dbf      5        INDX                    AVAILABLE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/example01.dbf 4      EXAMPLE              AVAILABLE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/sysaux01.dbf    3      SYSAUX                  AVAILABLE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/undotbs01.dbf  2      UNDOTBS             AVAILABLE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/system01.dbf    1 SYSTEM              AVAILABLE

11．新建LEO2密码文件

orapwd file=orapwLEO2 password=oracle entries=30

 

二、使用nid工具修改数据库名

Nid是oracle提供的一个小工具，可以修改数据库名称，位置：$ORACLE_HOME/bin/

优点：可以不用重建控制文件就修改数据库名

步骤概述

• 验证当前数据库名，实例名，服务名参数
• 停掉数据库
• 数据库启动到mount状态，nid工具在mount状态下才能用，直接修改控制文件内容
• 生成新的initLEO3.orac纯文本参数文件并修改数据库名
• 利用initLEO3.ora纯文本参数文件创建spfileLEO3.ora二进制参数文件
• 创建转储目录
• 启动数据库到open状态
• 检查当前数据库名，实例名，服务名参数
• 新建LEO3密码文件
• 修改listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件内容

目标：我们用原库LEO2修改成新库LEO3，还用原来的控制文件、数据文件、在线日志

1.验证当前数据库名，实例名，服务名参数

SYS@LEO2> show parameter name

NAME                                    TYPE       VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- --------------------------------------------

db_file_name_convert          string

db_name                              string      LEO2

db_unique_name                  string      LEO2

global_names                       boolean    FALSE

instance_name                     string      LEO2

lock_name_space                 string

log_file_name_convert         string

service_names                      string      LEO2

SYS@LEO2> select open_mode,log_mode,name,dbid,db_unique_name from v$database;

OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE         NAME           DBID DB_UNIQUE_NAME

---------- ------------ --------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

READ WRITE NOARCHIVELOG   LEO2      1558123773 LEO2

2.停掉数据库

SYS@LEO2> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

3.数据库启动到mount状态，nid工具在mount状态下才能用，直接修改控制文件内容

export ORACLE_SID=LEO2

sqlplus / as sysdba

SYS@LEO2> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                      1219184 bytes

Variable Size                 96470416 bytes

Database Buffers         213909504 bytes

Redo Buffers                 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SYS@LEO2> exit

nid help=y

DBNEWID: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon May 21 16:57:06 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, , Oracle. All rights reserved.

Keyword    Description                              (Default)

-----------------------------------------------------------------

TARGET       Username/Password               (NONE)

DBNAME    New database name              (NONE)

LOGFILE     Output Log                              (NONE)

REVERT      Revert failed change              NO

SETNAME   Set a new database name only NO

APPEND     Append to output log              NO

HELP           Displays these messages        NO

nid target=sys/oracle dbname=LEO3

DBNEWID: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon May 21 16:59:10 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to database LEO2 (DBID=1558123773)      --已连接当前数据库名

Connected to version 10.2.0                  --已连接版本

Control Files in database:                          --控制文件路径

   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/control01.ctl

   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/control02.ctl

   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk3/control03.ctl

--是否同意修改数据库ID和数据库名

Change database ID and database name LEO2 to LEO3? (Y/[N]) =>y

Proceeding with operation

Changing database ID from 1558123773 to 1231291551 --修改数据库ID

Changing database name from LEO2 to LEO3                   --修改数据库名

   Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/control01.ctl – modified--控制文件已修改

   Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/control02.ctl – modified

   Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk3/control03.ctl – modified

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/system01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/undotbs01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/sysaux01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/example01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/indx01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/tools01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/user01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/oltp01.dbf - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk1/control01.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/control02.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk3/control03.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name

   Instance shut down        --当前数据库已经关闭

 

Database name changed to LEO3. –数据库名已经修改完毕

Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.

--修改参数文件和在重启之前生成新的密码文件

Database ID for database LEO3 changed to 1231291551.

--数据库ID已经修改为：1231291551.

All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.

--以前的备份和归档日志均不可用

Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.

--数据库已关闭，必须使用RESETLOGS选项打开数据库

Succesfully changed database name and ID.

--已成功修改数据库名和数据库ID

DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.

-- DBNEWID成功完成

4.生成新的initLEO3.orac纯文本参数文件并修改数据库名和路径

SYS@LEO2> create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initLEO3.ora' from spfile;

vim initLEO3.ora

（1）路径

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO3/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO3/bdump'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO3/disk1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO2/disk2/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LEO3/disk3/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO3/cdump'

*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/LEO3/udump'

（2）数据库名

*.db_name='LEO3'

5.利用initLEO3.ora纯文本参数文件创建spfileLEO3.ora二进制参数文件

SYS@LEO2> create spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileLEO3.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initLEO3.ora';

6.创建转储目录

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/LEO3/adump

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/LEO3/bdump

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/LEO3/cdump

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/LEO3/udump

7.直接启动数据库到open状态

注：必须添加resetlogs选项打开数据库，resetlogs所有以前的备份和归档日志均不可用

export ORACLE_SID=LEO3

sqlplus / as sysdba

SYS@LEO3> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                      1219184 bytes

Variable Size                 96470416 bytes

Database Buffers         213909504 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

必须使用RESETLOGS和NORESETLOGS选项打开数据库

SYS@LEO3> alter database open resetlogs;

8.检查当前数据库名，实例名，服务名参数

SYS@LEO3> show parameter name

NAME                                    TYPE       VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------------------------------

db_file_name_convert          string

db_name                               string       LEO3

db_unique_name                 string       LEO3

global_names                       boolean     FALSE

instance_name                     string        LEO3

lock_name_space                string

log_file_name_convert         string

service_names                     string        LEO3

SYS@LEO3> select open_mode,log_mode,name,dbid,db_unique_name from v$database;

 

OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE    NAME           DBID DB_UNIQUE_NAME

---------- ------------ --------- ---------- ------------------------------

READ WRITE NOARCHIVELOG   LEO3        1231291551  LEO3

SYS@LEO3> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME   STATUS

---------------- ------------ ------------

LEO3             OPEN

9.新建LEO3密码文件

orapwd file=orapwLEO3 password=oracle entries=30

10.修改listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件内容

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin

修改vim listener.ora

LISTENER=

 (DESCRIPTION=

   (ADDRESS_LIST=

     (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.10)(PORT=1521))

     (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

 (SID_LIST=

   (SID_DESC=

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME=LEO3)

     (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

     (SID_NAME=LEO3))

   (SID_DESC=

     (SID_NAME=pl***tproc)

     (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

     (PROGRAM=extproc)))

修改vim tnsnames.ora

LEO3=

 (description =

   (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.1.10)(port=1521))

   (connect_data=

       (server = dedicated)

       (service_name = LEO3)

 )

 )

重启监听

lsnrctl reload listener

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 21-MAY-2012 17:34:29

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb1)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

测试监听

sqlplus system/oracle@LEO3

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon May 21 17:35:25 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Mining options

SYSTEM@LEO3>

 

小结：到此所有的数据库名、实例名、服务名已经都被修改过来了，有了这2种方法我们可以快速的建立起带数据的新数据库。支持我们的研发和测试

注意：参数文件修改

     控制文件修改

     密码文件修改

     监听文件修改

     数据文件和日志文件根据需要进行创建