前面我们讲到了队列,今天我们接着讨论另外一种数据结构:堆栈。堆栈几乎是程序设计的命脉,没有堆栈就没有函数调用,当然也就没有软件设计。那么堆栈有什么特殊的属性呢?其实,堆栈的属性主要表现在下面两个方面:
(1)堆栈的数据是先入后出
(2)堆栈的长度取决于栈顶的高度
那么,作为连续内存类型的堆栈应该怎么设计呢?大家可以自己先试一下:
(1)设计堆栈节点
[cpp] view plaincopy
typedef struct _STACK_NODE
{
int* pData;
int length;
int top;
}STACK_NODE;
(2)创建堆栈
[cpp] view plaincopy
STACK_NODE* alloca_stack(int number)
{
STACK_NODE* pStackNode = NULL;
if(0 == number)
return NULL;
pStackNode = (STACK_NODE*)malloc(sizeof(STACK_NODE));
assert(NULL != pStackNode);
memset(pStackNode, 0, sizeof(STACK_NODE));
pStackNode->pData = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * number);
if(NULL == pStackNode->pData){
free(pStackNode);
return NULL;
}
memset(pStackNode->pData, 0, sizeof(int) * number);
pStackNode-> length = number;
pStackNode-> top= 0;
return pStackNode;
}
(3)释放堆栈
[cpp] view plaincopy
STATUS free_stack(const STACK_NODE* pStackNode)
{
if(NULL == pStackNode)
return FALSE;
assert(NULL != pStackNode->pData);
free(pStackNode->pData);
free((void*)pStackNode);
return TRUE;
}
(4)堆栈压入数据
[cpp] view plaincopy
STATUS stack_push(STACK_NODE* pStackNode, int value)
{
if(NULL == pStackNode)
return FALSE;
if(pStackNode->length == pStackNode->top)
return FALSE;
pStackNode->pData[pStackNode->top ++] = value;
return TRUE;
}
(5)堆栈弹出数据
[cpp] view plaincopy
STATUS stack_pop(STACK_NODE* pStackNode, int* value)
{
if(NULL == pStackNode || NULL == value)
return FALSE;
if(0 == pStackNode->top)
return FALSE;
*value = pStackNode->pData[-- pStackNode->top];
return TRUE;
}
(6)统计当前堆栈中包含多少数据
[cpp] view plaincopy
int count_stack_number(const STACK_NODE* pStackNode)
{
return pStackNode->top;
}
建议: 堆栈是函数调用的基础,是递归调用的基础,是很多问题的根源,建议朋友们平时有时间好好练习一下。
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