Qt中的QMap介绍与使用,在坛子里逛了一圈,发现在使用QMap中,出现过很多的问题,Map是一个很有用的数据结构。它以“键-值”的形式保存数据。在使用的时候,通过提供字符标示(键)即可得到想要的数据。这个“数据”即可以是一个字符串,也可以是任意对象,当然也包括自己定义的类对象。说明:map是以值传递的形式保存数据的。
1. 基本应用
下面以“键-值”都是QString的例子说明QMap的基本使用方法。更详细的说明,请查看《Qt帮助手册》或其他资源。
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#include
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#include
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using namespace std;
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class MapTest
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{
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public:
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void showMap()
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{
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if(!m_map.isEmpty()) return;
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m_map.insert("111", "aaa");
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if(!m_map.contains("222"))
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m_map.insert("222", "bbb");
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m_map["333"] = "ccc";
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qDebug("map[333] , value is : " + m_map["333"]);
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if(m_map.contains("111")){
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QMap::iterator it = m_map.find("111");
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qDebug("find 111 , value is : " + it.data());
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}
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cout<< endl;
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qDebug("size of this map is : %d", m_map.count());
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cout<< endl;
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QMap::iterator it;
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for ( it = m_map.begin(); it != m_map.end(); ++it ) {
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qDebug( "%s: %s", it.key().ascii(), it.data().ascii());
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}
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m_map.clear();
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}
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private:
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QMap m_map;
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};
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class MapTest
{
public:
void showMap()
{
if(!m_map.isEmpty()) return; //判断map是否为空
m_map.insert("111", "aaa"); //向map里添加一对“键-值”
if(!m_map.contains("222")) //判断map里是否已经包含某“键-值”
m_map.insert("222", "bbb");
m_map["333"] = "ccc"; //另一种添加的方式
qDebug("map[333] , value is : " + m_map["333"]); //这种方式既可以用于添加,也可以用于获取,但是你必须知道它确实存在
if(m_map.contains("111")){
QMap::iterator it = m_map.find("111"); //找到特定的“键-值”对
qDebug("find 111 , value is : " + it.data()); //获取map里对应的值
}
cout<< endl;
qDebug("size of this map is : %d", m_map.count()); //获取map包含的总数
cout<< endl;
QMap::iterator it; //遍历map
for ( it = m_map.begin(); it != m_map.end(); ++it ) {
qDebug( "%s: %s", it.key().ascii(), it.data().ascii()); //用key()和data()分别获取“键”和“值”
}
m_map.clear(); //清空map
}
private:
QMap m_map; //定义一个QMap对象
};
调用类函数showMap(),显示结果:
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map[333] , value is : ccc
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find 111 , value is : aaa
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size of this map is : 3
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111: aaa
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222: bbb
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333: ccc
map[333] , value is : ccc
find 111 , value is : aaa
size of this map is : 3
111: aaa
222: bbb
333: ccc
2. 对象的使用
map当中还可以保存类对象、自己定义类对象,例子如下(摘自QT帮助文档《Qt Assistant》,更详细的说明参考之):
以注释形式说明
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#include
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#include
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#include
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class Employee
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{
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public:
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Employee(): sn(0) {}
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Employee( const QString& forename, const QString& surname, int salary )
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: fn(forename), sn(surname), sal(salary)
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{ }
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QString forename() const { return fn; }
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QString surname() const { return sn; }
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int salary() const { return sal; }
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void setSalary( int salary ) { sal = salary; }
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private:
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QString fn;
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QString sn;
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int sal;
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};
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int main(int argc, char **argv)
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{
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QApplication app( argc, argv );
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typedef QMap EmployeeMap;
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EmployeeMap map;
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map["JD001"] = Employee("John", "Doe", 50000);
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map["JW002"] = Employee("Jane", "Williams", 80000);
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map["TJ001"] = Employee("Tom", "Jones", 60000);
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Employee sasha( "Sasha", "Hind", 50000 );
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map["SH001"] = sasha;
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sasha.setSalary( 40000 );
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EmployeeMap::Iterator it;
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for ( it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it ) {
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printf( "%s: %s, %s earns %d\n",
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it.key().latin1(),
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it.data().surname().latin1(),
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it.data().forename().latin1(),
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it.data().salary() );
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}
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return 0;
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}
#include
#include
#include
//自定义一个Employee类,包含fn、sn、sal属性
class Employee
{
public:
Employee(): sn(0) {}
Employee( const QString& forename, const QString& surname, int salary )
: fn(forename), sn(surname), sal(salary)
{ }
QString forename() const { return fn; }
QString surname() const { return sn; }
int salary() const { return sal; }
void setSalary( int salary ) { sal = salary; }
private:
QString fn;
QString sn;
int sal;
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
QApplication app( argc, argv );
typedef QMap EmployeeMap; //自定义一个map类型,值为EmployeeMap对象
EmployeeMap map;
map["JD001"] = Employee("John", "Doe", 50000); //向map里插入键-值
map["JW002"] = Employee("Jane", "Williams", 80000);
map["TJ001"] = Employee("Tom", "Jones", 60000);
Employee sasha( "Sasha", "Hind", 50000 );
map["SH001"] = sasha;
sasha.setSalary( 40000 ); //修改map值的内容,因为map采用值传递,所以无效
//批量打印
EmployeeMap::Iterator it;
for ( it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it ) {
printf( "%s: %s, %s earns %d\n",
it.key().latin1(),
it.data().surname().latin1(),
it.data().forename().latin1(),
it.data().salary() );
}
return 0;
}
Program output:
JD001: Doe, John earns 50000
JW002: Williams, Jane earns 80000
SH001: Hind, Sasha earns 50000
TJ001: Jones, Tom earns 60000
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