转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/qq78292959/archive/2010/08/12/2077039.html
核心提示:RTSP简介,Real Time Streaming Protocol或者RTSP(实时流媒体协议),是由Real network 和 Netscape共同提出的如何有效地在IP网络上传输流媒体数据的应用层协议。RTSP提供一 种可扩展的框架,使能够提供能控制的,按需传输实时数据,比如音频和视频文件 。
源数据可以包括现场数据的反馈和存贮的文件。RTSP对流媒体提供了诸如暂停,快进等控制,而它本身并不传输数据,RTSP作用相当于流媒体服务器的远程控制。传输数据可以通过传输层的tcp、udp协议,RTSP也提供了基于rtp传输机制的一些有效的方法。
一. 参考资料
1. 《RTSP简单命令》:http://blog.csdn.net/feidragon319/archive/2007/08/14/1742357.aspx
2.
3. 《RTSP客户端的Java实现》:http://hi.baidu.com/ssyuan/blog/item/566df6defac1dc5094ee37eb.html
二. RTSP的常用命令与解释
其中C是客户端,S是服务端。
2.1 OPTIONS
C->S: OPTION request //询问S有哪些方法可用
S->C: OPTION response //S回应信息中包括提供的所有可用方法
使用举例:
客户端到服务端:
OPTIONS rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331 RTSP/1.0
Cseq: 1
服务端对OPTIONS的回应:
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
Cseq: 1
Public: DESCRIBE, SETUP, TEARDOWN, PLAY, PAUSE, OPTIONS, ANNOUNCE, RECORD
2.2 DESCRIBE
C->S: DESCRIBE request //要求得到S提供的媒体初始化描述信息
S->C: DESCRIBE response //S回应媒体初始化描述信息,主要是sdp
使用举例:
客户端到服务端:2.4 PLAY
C->S: PLAY request //C请求播放
S->C: PLAY response //S回应该请求的信息
客户端到服务端的请求举例:
DESCRIBE rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp RTSP/1.0
Cseq: 2
服务端对OPTIONS的回应:
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
Cseq: 2
Content-length: 421
Date: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:21:33 GMT
Expires: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:21:33 GMT
Content-Type: application/sdp
x-Accept-Retransmit: our-retransmit
x-Accept-Dynamic-Rate: 1
Content-Base: rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/
v=0
o=MediaBox 127992 137813 IN IP4 0.0.0.0
s=RTSP Session
i=Starv Box Live Cast
c=IN IP4 218.207.101.236
t=0 0
a=range:npt=now-
a=control:*
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 96
b=AS:20
a=rtpmap:96 MP4V-ES/1000
a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=8; config=000001b008000001b5090000010000000120008440fa282c2090a31f; decode_buf=12586
a=range:npt=now-
a=framerate:5
a=framesize:96 176-144
a=cliprect:0,0,144,176
a=control:trackID=1
2.3 SETUP
C->S: SETUP request //设置会话的属性,以及传输模式,提醒S建立会话
S->C: SETUP response //S建立会话,返回会话标识符,以及会话相关信息
客户端到服务端的请求举例:
SETUP rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/trackID=1
RTSP/1.0
Cseq: 3
Transport: RTP/AVP;UNICAST;client_port=16264-16265;mode=play
服务端对客户端的回应举例:
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
Cseq: 3
Session: 26633092229589
Date: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:21:33 GMT
Expires: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:21:33 GMT
Transport: RTP/AVP;UNICAST;mode=play;client_port=16264-16265;server_port=20026-20027
PLAY rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp RTSP/1.0
Session: 26633092229589
Cseq: 4
服务端对客户端的回应举例:
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
Cseq: 4
Session: 26633092229589
RTP-Info: url=rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/trackID=1;seq=0;rtptime=0
2.5 PAUSE
C->S: PAUSE request //C请求暂停播放
S->C: PAUSE response //S回应该请求的信息
客户端到服务端的请求举例:
PAUSE rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/ RTSP/1.0
Cseq: 5
Session: 26633092229589
服务端对客户端的回应举例:
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
Cseq: 5
Session: 26633092229589
2.6 TEARDOWN
C->S: TEARDOWN request //C请求关闭会话
S->C: TEARDOWN response //S回应该请求
客户端到服务端的请求举例:
TEARDOWN rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/ RTSP/1.0
Cseq: 6
User-Agent: RealMedia Player HelixDNAClient/10.0.0.11279 (win32)
Session: 26633092229589
服务端对客户端的回应举例:
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
Cseq: 6
Session: 26633092229589
Connection: Close
三. RTSP客户端的Java实现
3.1 接口IEvent.java
-
package com.amigo.rtsp;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
-
/** *//**
-
* IEvent.java 网络事件处理器,当Selector可以进行操作时,调用这个接口中的方法.
-
* 2007-3-22 下午03:35:51
-
* @author sycheng
-
* @version 1.0
-
*/
-
public interface IEvent {
-
/** *//**
-
* 当channel得到connect事件时调用这个方法.
-
* @param key
-
* @throws IOException
-
*/
-
void connect(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;
-
/** *//**
-
* 当channel可读时调用这个方法.
-
* @param key
-
* @throws IOException
-
*/
-
void read(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;
-
/** *//**
-
* 当channel可写时调用这个方法.
-
* @throws IOException
-
*/
-
void write() throws IOException;
-
/** *//**
-
* 当channel发生错误时调用.
-
* @param e
-
*/
-
void error(Exception e);
-
}
3.2 RTSP的测试类:RTSPClient.java
-
package com.amigo.rtsp;
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
-
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
-
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
-
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
-
import java.util.Iterator;
-
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
-
public class RTSPClient extends Thread implements IEvent {
-
private static final String VERSION = " RTSP/1.0\r\n";
-
private static final String RTSP_OK = "RTSP/1.0 200 OK";
-
/** *//** 远程地址 */
-
private final InetSocketAddress remoteAddress;
-
/** *//** * 本地地址 */
-
private final InetSocketAddress localAddress;
-
/** *//** * 连接通道 */
-
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
-
/** *//** 发送缓冲区 */
-
private final ByteBuffer sendBuf;
-
/** *//** 接收缓冲区 */
-
private final ByteBuffer receiveBuf;
-
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
-
/** *//** 端口选择器 */
-
private Selector selector;
-
private String address;
-
private Status sysStatus;
-
private String sessionid;
-
/** *//** 线程是否结束的标志 */
-
private AtomicBoolean shutdown;
-
-
private int seq=1;
-
-
private boolean isSended;
-
-
private String trackInfo;
-
-
private enum Status {
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init, options, describe, setup, play, pause, teardown
-
}
-
public RTSPClient(InetSocketAddress remoteAddress,
-
InetSocketAddress localAddress, String address) {
-
this.remoteAddress = remoteAddress;
-
this.localAddress = localAddress;
-
this.address = address;
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// 初始化缓冲区
-
sendBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(BUFFER_SIZE);
-
receiveBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(BUFFER_SIZE);
-
if (selector == null) {
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// 创建新的Selector
-
try {
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selector = Selector.open();
-
} catch (final IOException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
startup();
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sysStatus = Status.init;
-
shutdown=new AtomicBoolean(false);
-
isSended=false;
-
}
-
public void startup() {
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try {
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// 打开通道
-
socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
-
// 绑定到本地端口
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socketChannel.socket().setSoTimeout(30000);
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socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
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socketChannel.socket().bind(localAddress);
-
if (socketChannel.connect(remoteAddress)) {
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System.out.println("开始建立连接:" + remoteAddress);
-
}
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socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT
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| SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE, this);
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System.out.println("端口打开成功");
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} catch (final IOException e1) {
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e1.printStackTrace();
-
}
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}
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public void send(byte[] out) {
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if (out == null || out.length < 1) {
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return;
-
}
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synchronized (sendBuf) {
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sendBuf.clear();
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sendBuf.put(out);
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sendBuf.flip();
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}
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// 发送出去
-
try {
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write();
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isSended=true;
-
} catch (final IOException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
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public void write() throws IOException {
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if (isConnected()) {
-
try {
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socketChannel.write(sendBuf);
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} catch (final IOException e) {
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}
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} else {
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System.out.println("通道为空或者没有连接上");
-
}
-
}
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public byte[] recieve() {
-
if (isConnected()) {
-
try {
-
int len = 0;
-
int readBytes = 0;
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synchronized (receiveBuf) {
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receiveBuf.clear();
-
try {
-
while ((len = socketChannel.read(receiveBuf)) > 0) {
-
readBytes += len;
-
}
-
} finally {
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receiveBuf.flip();
-
}
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if (readBytes > 0) {
-
final byte[] tmp = new byte[readBytes];
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receiveBuf.get(tmp);
-
return tmp;
-
} else {
-
System.out.println("接收到数据为空,重新启动连接");
-
return null;
-
}
-
}
-
} catch (final IOException e) {
-
System.out.println("接收消息错误:");
-
}
-
} else {
-
System.out.println("端口没有连接");
-
}
-
return null;
-
}
-
public boolean isConnected() {
-
return socketChannel != null && socketChannel.isConnected();
-
}
-
private void select() {
-
int n = 0;
-
try {
-
if (selector == null) {
-
return;
-
}
-
n = selector.select(1000);
-
} catch (final Exception e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
-
}
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// 如果select返回大于0,处理事件
-
if (n > 0) {
-
for (final Iterator<SelectionKey> i = selector.selectedKeys()
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.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
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// 得到下一个Key
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final SelectionKey sk = i.next();
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i.remove();
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// 检查其是否还有效
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if (!sk.isValid()) {
-
continue;
-
}
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// 处理事件
-
final IEvent handler = (IEvent) sk.attachment();
-
try {
-
if (sk.isConnectable()) {
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handler.connect(sk);
-
} else if (sk.isReadable()) {
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handler.read(sk);
-
} else {
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// System.err.println("Ooops");
-
}
-
} catch (final Exception e) {
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handler.error(e);
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sk.cancel();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
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public void shutdown() {
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if (isConnected()) {
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try {
-
socketChannel.close();
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System.out.println("端口关闭成功");
-
} catch (final IOException e) {
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System.out.println("端口关闭错误:");
-
} finally {
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socketChannel = null;
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}
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} else {
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System.out.println("通道为空或者没有连接");
-
}
-
}
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@Override
-
public void run() {
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// 启动主循环流程
-
while (!shutdown.get()) {
-
try {
-
if (isConnected()&&(!isSended)) {
-
switch (sysStatus) {
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case init:
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doOption();
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break;
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case options:
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doDescribe();
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break;
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case describe:
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doSetup();
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break;
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case setup:
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if(sessionid==null&&sessionid.length()>0){
-
System.out.println("setup还没有正常返回");
-
}else{
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doPlay();
-
}
-
break;
-
case play:
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doPause();
-
break;
-
-
case pause:
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doTeardown();
-
break;
-
default:
-
break;
-
}
-
}
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// do select
-
select();
-
try {
-
Thread.sleep(1000);
-
} catch (final Exception e) {
-
}
-
} catch (final Exception e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
-
shutdown();
-
}
-
public void connect(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
-
if (isConnected()) {
-
return;
-
}
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// 完成SocketChannel的连接
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socketChannel.finishConnect();
-
while (!socketChannel.isConnected()) {
-
try {
-
Thread.sleep(300);
-
} catch (final InterruptedException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
socketChannel.finishConnect();
-
}
-
}
-
public void error(Exception e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
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public void read(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
-
// 接收消息
-
final byte[] msg = recieve();
-
if (msg != null) {
-
handle(msg);
-
} else {
-
key.cancel();
-
}
-
}
-
private void handle(byte[] msg) {
-
String tmp = new String(msg);
-
System.out.println("返回内容:");
-
System.out.println(tmp);
-
if (tmp.startsWith(RTSP_OK)) {
-
switch (sysStatus) {
-
case init:
-
sysStatus = Status.options;
-
break;
-
case options:
-
sysStatus = Status.describe;
-
trackInfo=tmp.substring(tmp.indexOf("trackID"));
-
break;
-
case describe:
-
sessionid = tmp.substring(tmp.indexOf("Session: ") + 9, tmp
-
.indexOf("Date:"));
-
if(sessionid!=null&&sessionid.length()>0){
-
sysStatus = Status.setup;
-
}
-
break;
-
case setup:
-
sysStatus = Status.play;
-
break;
-
case play:
-
sysStatus = Status.pause;
-
break;
-
case pause:
-
sysStatus = Status.teardown;
-
shutdown.set(true);
-
break;
-
case teardown:
-
sysStatus = Status.init;
-
break;
-
default:
-
break;
-
}
-
isSended=false;
-
} else {
-
System.out.println("返回错误:" + tmp);
-
}
-
}
-
private void doTeardown() {
-
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
sb.append("TEARDOWN ");
-
sb.append(this.address);
-
sb.append("/");
-
sb.append(VERSION);
-
sb.append("Cseq: ");
-
sb.append(seq++);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
sb.append("User-Agent: RealMedia Player HelixDNAClient/10.0.0.11279 (win32)\r\n");
-
sb.append("Session: ");
-
sb.append(sessionid);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
send(sb.toString().getBytes());
-
System.out.println(sb.toString());
-
}
-
private void doPlay() {
-
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
sb.append("PLAY ");
-
sb.append(this.address);
-
sb.append(VERSION);
-
sb.append("Session: ");
-
sb.append(sessionid);
-
sb.append("Cseq: ");
-
sb.append(seq++);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
System.out.println(sb.toString());
-
send(sb.toString().getBytes());
-
}
-
private void doSetup() {
-
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
sb.append("SETUP ");
-
sb.append(this.address);
-
sb.append("/");
-
sb.append(trackInfo);
-
sb.append(VERSION);
-
sb.append("Cseq: ");
-
sb.append(seq++);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
sb.append("Transport: RTP/AVP;UNICAST;client_port=16264-16265;mode=play\r\n");
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
System.out.println(sb.toString());
-
send(sb.toString().getBytes());
-
}
-
private void doOption() {
-
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
sb.append("OPTIONS ");
-
sb.append(this.address.substring(0, address.lastIndexOf("/")));
-
sb.append(VERSION);
-
sb.append("Cseq: ");
-
sb.append(seq++);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
System.out.println(sb.toString());
-
send(sb.toString().getBytes());
-
}
-
private void doDescribe() {
-
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
sb.append("DESCRIBE ");
-
sb.append(this.address);
-
sb.append(VERSION);
-
sb.append("Cseq: ");
-
sb.append(seq++);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
System.out.println(sb.toString());
-
send(sb.toString().getBytes());
-
}
-
-
private void doPause() {
-
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-
sb.append("PAUSE ");
-
sb.append(this.address);
-
sb.append("/");
-
sb.append(VERSION);
-
sb.append("Cseq: ");
-
sb.append(seq++);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
sb.append("Session: ");
-
sb.append(sessionid);
-
sb.append("\r\n");
-
send(sb.toString().getBytes());
-
System.out.println(sb.toString());
-
}
-
-
public static void main(String[] args) {
-
try {
-
// RTSPClient(InetSocketAddress remoteAddress,
-
// InetSocketAddress localAddress, String address)
-
RTSPClient client = new RTSPClient(
-
new InetSocketAddress("218.207.101.236", 554),
-
new InetSocketAddress("192.168.2.28", 0),
-
"rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp");
-
client.start();
-
} catch (Exception e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
其中:rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp为我在网上找到的一个rtsp的sdp地址,读者可自行更换,RTSP的默认端口为554.
3.3 运行结果
运行RTSPClient.java,运行结果如下所示:
-
端口打开成功
-
OPTIONS rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331 RTSP/1.0
-
Cseq: 1
-
-
返回内容:
-
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
-
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
-
Cseq: 1
-
Public: DESCRIBE, SETUP, TEARDOWN, PLAY, PAUSE, OPTIONS, ANNOUNCE, RECORD
-
-
DESCRIBE rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp RTSP/1.0
-
Cseq: 2
-
-
返回内容:
-
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
-
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
-
Cseq: 2
-
Content-length: 421
-
Date: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:50:36 GMT
-
Expires: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:50:36 GMT
-
Content-Type: application/sdp
-
x-Accept-Retransmit: our-retransmit
-
x-Accept-Dynamic-Rate: 1
-
Content-Base: rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/
-
v=0
-
o=MediaBox 127992 137813 IN IP4 0.0.0.0
-
s=RTSP Session
-
i=Starv Box Live Cast
-
c=IN IP4 218.207.101.236
-
t=0 0
-
a=range:npt=now-
-
a=control:*
-
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 96
-
b=AS:20
-
a=rtpmap:96 MP4V-ES/1000
-
a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=8; config=000001b008000001b5090000010000000120008440fa282c2090a31f; decode_buf=12586
-
a=range:npt=now-
-
a=framerate:5
-
a=framesize:96 176-144
-
a=cliprect:0,0,144,176
-
a=control:trackID=1
-
SETUP rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/trackID=1
-
RTSP/1.0
-
Cseq: 3
-
Transport: RTP/AVP;UNICAST;client_port=16264-16265;mode=play
-
-
返回内容:
-
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
-
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
-
Cseq: 3
-
Session: 15470472221769
-
Date: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:50:36 GMT
-
Expires: Mon, 03 Aug 2009 08:50:36 GMT
-
Transport: RTP/AVP;UNICAST;mode=play;client_port=16264-16265;server_port=20080-20081
-
-
PLAY rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp RTSP/1.0
-
Session: 15470472221769
-
Cseq: 4
-
-
返回内容:
-
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
-
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
-
Cseq: 4
-
Session: 15470472221769
-
RTP-Info: url=rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/trackID=1;seq=0;rtptime=0
-
-
PAUSE rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/ RTSP/1.0
-
Cseq: 5
-
Session: 15470472221769
-
-
返回内容:
-
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
-
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
-
Cseq: 5
-
Session: 15470472221769
-
-
TEARDOWN rtsp://218.207.101.236:554/mobile/3/67A451E937422331/8jH5QPU5GWS07Ugn.sdp/ RTSP/1.0
-
Cseq: 6
-
User-Agent: RealMedia Player HelixDNAClient/10.0.0.11279 (win32)
-
Session: 15470472221769
-
-
返回内容:
-
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
-
Server: PVSS/1.4.8 (Build/20090111; Platform/Win32; Release/StarValley; )
-
Cseq: 6
-
Session: 15470472221769
-
Connection: Close
-
-
端口关闭成功
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