一个客户原来的Oracle数据库没有上RMAN备份，平时都是使用的EXPDP来导数据做为备份，今天叫我给他们写一个脚本来实现每天的增量，一周做一次全备。
于是马上把原来把NBU自带的RMAN备份脚本拿出来改改。
下面是脚本内容，实现每周周末一天全备，其它的时候都是增量备份，备份完的归档自己删除。
注意其中的参数，因为环境不同需要做相应的修改。
[oracle@11rac1 ~]$ cat hot_rman_backup.sh
#!/bin/sh
# $Header: hot_database_backup.sh,v 1.3 2010/08/04 17:56:02 $
#
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# this script directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHELL_HOME=/home/oracle
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Determine the time executing this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN_DATA=`date '+%Y%m%d%H'`
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# test log directiry . If not, run the following lines.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ ! -d "$SHELL_HOME/log" ]
then
mkdir -p $SHELL_HOME/log
fi
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Put output in
.out. Change as desired.
# Note: output directory requires write permission.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN_LOG_FILE=${SHELL_HOME}/log/hot_rman_backup_${RMAN_DATA}.out
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does
# not accumulate. If not, delete the following lines.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]
then
rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"
fi
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# rman image output directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN_IMAGE_DIR=/home/oracle/rman
echo "rman image output directory:${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the start of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Replace /db/oracle/product/ora102, below, with the Oracle home path.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Replace ora102, below, with the Oracle SID of the target database.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID=power1
export ORACLE_SID
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the target connect string.
# Replace "sys/manager", below, with the target connect string.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TARGET_CONNECT_STR=sys/manager
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,
# this would be the place to verify that.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# If this script is executed from a NetBackup schedule, NetBackup
# sets an NB_ORA environment variable based on the schedule type.
# The NB_ORA variable is then used to dynamically set BACKUP_TYPE
# For example, when:
# schedule type is BACKUP_TYPE is
# ---------------- --------------
# Automatic Full INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0
# Automatic Differential Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1
# Automatic Cumulative Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE
#
# For user initiated backups, BACKUP_TYPE defaults to incremental
# level 0 (full). To change the default for a user initiated
# backup to incremental or incremental cumulative, uncomment
# one of the following two lines.
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"
#
# Note that we use incremental level 0 to specify full backups.
# That is because, although they are identical in content, only
# the incremental level 0 backup can have incremental backups of
# level > 0 applied to it.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
INCR_DATA=`date '+%A'`
if [ "$INCR_DATA" = "Sunday" ]
then
echo "Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"
else
echo "Differential incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1"
#elif [ "$NB_ORA_CINC" = "1" ]
#then
# echo "Cumulative incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE"
#
#elif [ "$BACKUP_TYPE" = "" ]
#then
# echo "Default - Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0"
fi
echo "BACKUP_TYPE">> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ${BACKUP_TYPE} >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup. This example does not use a
# Recovery Catalog. If you choose to use one, replace the option 'nocatalog'
# from the rman command line below with the
# 'catalog /@' statement.
#
# Note: Any environment variables needed at run time by RMAN
# must be set and exported within the switch user (su) command.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Backs up the whole database. This backup is part of the incremental
# strategy (this means it can have incremental backups of levels > 0
# applied to it).
#
# We do not need to explicitly request the control file to be included
# in this backup, as it is automatically included each time file 1 of
# the system tablespace is backed up (the inference: as it is a whole
# database backup, file 1 of the system tablespace will be backed up,
# hence the controlfile will also be included automatically).
#
# Typically, a level 0 backup would be done at least once a week.
#
# The scenario assumes:
# o you are backing your database up to two tape drives
# o you want each backup set to include a maximum of 5 files
# o you wish to include offline datafiles, and read-only tablespaces,
# in the backup
# o you want the backup to continue if any files are inaccessible.
# o you are not using a Recovery Catalog
# o you are explicitly backing up the control file. Since you are
# specifying nocatalog, the controlfile backup that occurs
# automatically as the result of backing up the system file is
# not sufficient; it will not contain records for the backup that
# is currently in progress.
# o you want to archive the current log, back up all the
# archive logs using two channels, putting a maximum of 20 logs
# in a backup set, and deleting them once the backup is complete.
#
# Note that the format string is constructed to guarantee uniqueness and
# to enhance NetBackup for Oracle backup and restore performance.
#
#
# NOTE WHEN USING NET SERVICE NAME: When connecting to a database
# using a net service name, you must use a send command or a parms operand to
# specify environment variables. In other words, when accessing a database
# through a listener, the environment variables set at the system level are not
# visible when RMAN is running. For more information on the environment
# variables, please refer to the NetBackup for Oracle Admin. Guide.
#
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID
export ORACLE_SID
$RMAN target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR nocatalog msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF
RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE DISK;
# crosscheck archivelog
CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL;
# crosscheck backup image
CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
#DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP IMAGE
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE;
#DELETE EXPIRED BACKUP IMAGE
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP;
BACKUP
$BACKUP_TYPE
SKIP INACCESSIBLE
TAG hot_db_bk_level0
FILESPERSET 2
# recommended format
FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/bk_%s_%p_%t'
DATABASE;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
# backup all archive logs
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE DISK;
BACKUP
filesperset 20
FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/al_%s_%p_%t'
ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
#
# Note: During the process of backing up the database, RMAN also backs up the
# control file. This version of the control file does not contain the
# information about the current backup because "nocatalog" has been specified.
# To include the information about the current backup, the control file should
# be backed up as the last step of the RMAN section. This step would not be
# necessary if we were using a recovery catalog or auto control file backups.
#
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK;
BACKUP
# recommended format
FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/cntrl_%s_%p_%t'
CURRENT CONTROLFILE;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
exit
EOF
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print date to logfile
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== end on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
把脚本增加到crontab中
[oracle@11rac1 ~]$ crontab -l
1 3 * * * ksh /home/oracle/hot_rman_backup.sh >>/home/oracle/log/hot_rman_backup_crontab_`date "+\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M"`.log 2>&1
每天早上的3点进行备份，另外我们还需要的就是在RMAN中配置备份的保留时间与controlfile与spfile的自己备份。
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