mysql批量更新多条记录的同一字段为不同值

原文  http://forthxu.com/blog/article/64.html

mysql更新数据的某个字段，一般这样写：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = 'value' WHERE other_field = 'other_value'; 

也可以这样用in指定要更新的记录：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = 'value' WHERE other_field in ('other_values'); 

这里注意 ‘other_values’ 是一个逗号（，）分隔的字符串，如：1,2,3

如果更新多条数据而且每条记录要更新的值不同，可能很多人会这样写：

foreach ($values as $id => $myvalue) {
    $sql = "UPDATE mytable SET myfield = $myvalue WHERE id = $id";
    mysql_query($sql);
} 

即是循环一条一条的更新记录。一条记录update一次，这样性能很差，也很容易造成阻塞。

那么能不能一条sql语句实现批量更新呢？mysql并没有提供直接的方法来实现批量更新，但是可以用点小技巧来实现。

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'myvalue1' WHEN 2 THEN 'myvalue2' WHEN 3 THEN 'myvalue3' END WHERE other_field ('other_values') 

如果where条件查询出记录的id不在CASE范围内，myfield将被设置为空。

如果更新多个值的话，只需要稍加修改：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield1 = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'myvalue11' WHEN 2 THEN 'myvalue12' WHEN 3 THEN 'myvalue13' END,
    myfield2 = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 'myvalue21' WHEN 2 THEN 'myvalue22' WHEN 3 THEN 'myvalue23' END WHERE id IN (1,2,3) 

这里以php为例，构造这两条mysql语句：

• 更新多条单个字段为不同值, mysql模式

$ids_values = array( 1 => 11, 2 => 22, 3 => 33, 4 => 44, 5 => 55, 6 => 66, 7 => 77, 8 => 88,
);
 
$ids = implode(',', array_keys($ids_values ));
$sql = "UPDATE mytable SET myfield = CASE id "; foreach ($ids_values as $id=> $myvalue) {
    $sql .= sprintf("WHEN %d THEN %d ", $id, $myvalue);
}
$sql .= "END WHERE id IN ($ids)"; echo $sql.";
"; 

输出：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield = CASE id WHEN 1 THEN 11 WHEN 2 THEN 22 WHEN 3 THEN 33 WHEN 4 THEN 44 WHEN 5 THEN 55 WHEN 6 THEN 66 WHEN 7 THEN 77 WHEN 8 THEN 88 END WHERE id IN (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8);

• 更新多个字段为不同值, PDO模式

$data = array(array('id' => 1, 'myfield1val' => 11, 'myfield2val' => 111), array('id' => 2, 'myfield1val' => 22, 'myfield2val' => 222));
$where_in_ids = implode(',', array_map(function($v) {return ":id_" . $v['id'];}, $data));
$update_sql = 'UPDATE mytable SET';
$params = array();

$update_sql .= ' myfield1 = CASE id'; foreach($data as $key => $item) {
    $update_sql .= " WHEN :id_" . $key . " THEN :myfield1val_" . $key . " ";
    $params[":id_" . $key] = $item['id'];
    $params[":myfield1val_" . $key] = $item['myfield1val'];
}
$update_sql .= " END";

$update_sql .= ',myfield2 = CASE id'; foreach($data as $key => $item) {
    $update_sql .= " WHEN :id_" . $key . " THEN :myfield2val_" . $key . " ";
    $params[":id_" . $key] = $item['id'];
    $params[":myfield1va2_" . $key] = $item['myfield2val'];
}
$update_sql .= " END";

$update_sql .= " WHERE id IN (" . $where_in_ids . ")"; echo $update_sql.";
";
var_dump($params); 

输出：

UPDATE mytable SET myfield1 = CASE id WHEN :id_0 THEN :myfield1val_0 WHEN :id_1 THEN :myfield1val_1 END,myfield2 = CASE id WHEN :id_0 THEN :myfield2val_0 WHEN :id_1 THEN :myfield2val_1 END WHERE id IN (:id_1,:id_2);

array (size=6) ':id_0' => int 1 ':myfield1val_0' => int 11 ':id_1' => int 2 ':myfield1val_1' => int 22 ':myfield1va2_0' => int 111 ':myfield1va2_1' => int 222 

另外三种批量更新方式

1. replace into 批量更新

replace into mytable(id, myfield) values (1,'value1'),(2,'value2'),(3,'value3'); 

2. insert into ...on duplicate key update批量更新

insert into mytable(id, myfield1, myfield2) values (1,'value11','value21'),(2,'value12','value22'),(3,'value13','value23') on duplicate key update myfield1=values(myfield2),values(myfield2)+values(id); 

3. 临时表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tmptable`; create temporary table tmptable(id int(4) primary key,myfield varchar(50)); insert into tmptable values (1,'value1'),(2,'value2'),(3,'value3'); update mytable, tmptable set mytable.myfield = tmptable.myfield where mytable.id = tmptable.id; 

• 【replace into】和【insert into】更新都 依赖于主键或唯一值 ，并都可能造成新增记录的操作的 结构隐患
• 【replace into】操作本质是对重复记录先delete然后insert，如果 更新的字段不全缺失的字段将被设置成缺省值
• 【insert into】则只是update重复的记录，更改的字段只能依循公式值
• 【临时表】方式需要用户有 temporary 表的create 权限
• 数量较少时【replace into】和【insert into】性能最好，数量大时【临时表】最好，【CASE】则具有通用型也不具结构隐患