snmp 系列命令的一些公共参数

NAME

snmpcmd - options and behaviour common to most of the Net-SNMP command-line tools

 

# 注释 ：snmpcmd 并不是一个命令，而是指 snmp 的相关命令

 

# 该 manual 主要讲述了 snmp 命令的一些通用的选项的用法

 

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SYNOPSIS

snmpcmd [OPTIONS] AGENT [PARAMETERS]

 

# 注释 ：snmp 相关命令的语法格式都是 ：snmpcmd [option] agent [parameters]

 

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DESCRIPTION

This manual page describes the common options for the SNMP commands: snmpbulkget, snmpbulkwalk, snmpdelta, snmpget, snmpgetnext, snmpnetstat, snmpset, snmpstatus, snmptable, snmptest, snmptrap, snmpdf, snmpusm , snmpwalk . The command line applications use the SNMP protocol to communicate with an SNMP capable network entity, an agent. Individual applications typically (but not necessarily) take additional parameters that are given after the agent specification. These parameters are documented in the manual pages for each application.

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OPTIONS

-3[MmKk] 0xHEXKEY

Sets the keys to be used for SNMPv3 transactions. These options allow you to set the master authentication and encryption keys (-3m and -3M respectively) or set the localized authentication and encryption keys (-3k and -3K respectively). SNMPv3 keys can be either passed in by hand using these flags, or by the use of keys generated from passwords using the -A and -X flags discussed below. For further details on SNMPv3 and its usage of keying information, see the Net-SNMP tutorial web site ( ). Overrides the defAuthMasterKey (-3m), defPrivMasterKey (-3M), defAuthLocalizedKey (-3k) or defPrivLocalizedKey (-3K) tokens, respectively, in the snmp.conf file, see (5).

# 注释 ：

-a authProtocol

Set the authentication protocol (MD5 or SHA) used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defAuthType token in the snmp.conf file.

# 注释 ：

-A authPassword

Set the authentication pass phrase used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defAuthPassphrase token in the snmp.conf file. It is insecure to specify pass phrases on the command line, see (5).

# 注释 ：

-c community

Set the community string for SNMPv1/v2c transactions. Overrides the defCommunity token in the snmp.conf file.

# 注释 ：-c 选项用于指定 community string 。如果没有 -c 选项，默认使用 snmp.conf 中的 defCommunity 选项的值

-d

Dump (in hexadecimal) the raw SNMP packets sent and received.

# 注释 ：-d 选项用于导出16进制格式的 snmp 数据包

-D TOKEN[,...]

Turn on debugging output for the given TOKEN(s). Try ALL for extremely verbose output.

# 注释

-e engineID

Set the authoritative (security) engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages. It is typically not necessary to specify this, as it will usually be discovered automatically.

-E engineID

Set the context engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages scopedPdu. If not specified, this will default to the authoritative engineID.

-h, --help

Display a brief usage message and then exit.

# 注释 ：-h 选项打印帮助信息然后退出

-H

Display a list of configuration file directives understood by the command and then exit.

# 注释 ：-H 选项打印该命令所知道的配置文件的指令并退出。

-I [brRhu]

Specifies input parsing options. See INPUT OPTIONS below.

# 注释 ：-I 选项用于指定输入选项

-l secLevel

Set the securityLevel used for SNMPv3 messages (noAuthNoPriv|authNoPriv|authPriv). Appropriate pass phrase(s) must provided when using any level higher than noAuthNoPriv. Overrides the defSecurityLevel token in the snmp.conf file.

-L [eEfFoOsS]

Specifies output logging options. See LOGGING OPTIONS below.

# 注释 ：-L 选项用于指定日志方面的选项

-m MIBLIST

Specifies a colon separated list of MIB modules (not files) to load for this application. This overrides (or augments) the environment variable MIBS, the snmp.conf directive mibs, and the list of MIBs hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library.

If MIBLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the MIB modules listed are loaded in addition to the default list, coming before or after this list respectively. Otherwise, the specified MIBs are loaded instead of this default list.

The special keyword ALL is used to load all MIB modules in the MIB directory search list. Every file whose name does not begin with "." will be parsed as if it were a MIB file.

# 注释 ：-m 用于指定要加载的 MIB 模块，用 : 分隔。该选项覆盖 MIBS 变量和 snmp.conf 中的 mibs 指令

 

# 如果 前面有 + 号则表示“额外”要加载的 moudle ，如果是 - 号则表示不加载指定的 moudle

 

# 如果没有 + 或者 - 号，则表示只加载指定的模块

-M DIRLIST

Specifies a colon separated list of directories to search for MIBs. This overrides (or augments) the environment variable MIBDIRS, the snmp.conf directive mibdirs, and the default directory hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library (/usr/share/snmp/mibs).

If DIRLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the given directories are added to the default list, being searched before or after the directories on this list respectively. Otherwise, the specified directories are searched instead of this default list.

# 注释 ：-M 指定一个用 : 分隔的目录列表，表示查找 MIB 的路径

Note that the directories appearing later in the list have have precedence over earlier ones. To avoid searching any MIB directories, set the MIBDIRS environment variable to the empty string ("").

# 注释 ：有一点要注意， 中的目录是按从右到左的顺序搜索的，而不是从左到右。

# 如果要禁止 MIB 目录搜索，可以把 MIBDIRS 变量设置为 ""

Note that MIBs specified using the -m option or the mibs configuration directive will be loaded from one of the directories listed by the -M option (or equivalents). The mibfile directive takes a full path to the specified MIB file, so this does not need to be in the MIB directory search list.

-n contextName

Set the contextName used for SNMPv3 messages. The default contextName is the empty string "". Overrides the defContext token in the snmp.conf file.

-O [abeEfnqQsStTuUvxX]

Specifies output printing options. See OUTPUT OPTIONS below.

 

# 注释 ：-O 选项设置输出选项

-P [cdeRuwW]

Specifies MIB parsing options. See MIB PARSING OPTIONS below.

# 注释 ：-P 选项设置 MIB 解释选项

-r retries

Specifies the number of retries to be used in the requests. The default is 5.

# 注释 ：-r 选项设置请求的重试次数。默认为5

-t timeout

Specifies the timeout in seconds between retries. The default is 1.

# 注释 ：-t 选项设认超时。默认为1秒

-u secName

Set the securityName used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defSecurityName token in the snmp.conf file.

-v 1 | 2c | 3

Specifies the protocol version to use: 1 (RFCs 1155-1157), 2c (RFCs 1901-1908), or 3 (RFCs 2571-2574). The default is typically version 3. Overrides the defVersion token in the snmp.conf file.

# 注释 ：-v 设置使用的协议版本。有 1，2c，3 这三个值。默认是3。该选项覆盖 snmp.conf 中的 defVersion 选项

-V, --version

Display version information for the application and then exit.

# 注释 ：-V 选项打印程序版本并退出

-x privProtocol

Set the privacy protocol (DES or AES) used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defPrivType token in the snmp.conf file. This option is only valid if the Net-SNMP software was build to use OpenSSL.

-X privPassword

Set the privacy pass phrase used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defPrivPassphrase token in the snmp.conf file. It is insecure to specify pass phrases on the command line, see (5).

-Z boots,time

Set the engineBoots and engineTime used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. This will initialize the local notion of the agents boots/time with an authenticated value stored in the LCD. It is typically not necessary to specify this option, as these values will usually be discovered automatically.

--name=value

Allows to specify any token ("name") supported in the snmp.conf file and sets its value to "value". Overrides the corresponding token in the snmp.conf file. See (5) for the full list of tokens.

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AGENT SPECIFICATION

The string AGENT in the SYNOPSIS above specifies the remote SNMP entity with which to communicate. This specification takes the form:

[:]

At its simplest, the AGENT specification may consist of a hostname, or an IPv4 address in the standard "dotted quad" notation. In this case, communication will be attempted using UDP/IPv4 to port 161 of the given host. Otherwise, the part of the specification is parsed according to the following table:

format

udp

hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]

tcp

hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]

unix

pathname

ipx

[network]:node[/port]

aal5pvc or pvc

[interface.][VPI.]VCI

udp6 or udpv6 or udpipv6

hostname[:port] or IPv6-address:port or '['IPv6-address']'[:port]

tcp6 or tcpv6 or tcpipv6

hostname[:port] or IPv6-address:port or '['IPv6-address']'[:port]

Note that strings are case-insensitive so that, for example, "tcp" and "TCP" are equivalent. Here are some examples, along with their interpretation:

hostname:161

perform query using UDP/IPv4 datagrams to hostname on port 161. The ":161" is redundant here since that is the default SNMP port in any case.

udp:hostname

identical to the previous specification. The "udp:" is redundant here since UDP/IPv4 is the default transport.

TCP:hostname:1161

connect to hostname on port 1161 using TCP/IPv4 and perform query over that connection.

ipx::00D0B7AAE308

perform query using IPX datagrams to node number 00D0B7AAE308 on the default network, and using the default IPX port of 36879 (900F hexadecimal), as suggested in RFC 1906.

ipx:0AE43409:00D0B721C6C0/1161

perform query using IPX datagrams to port 1161 on node number 00D0B721C6C0 on network number 0AE43409.

unix:/tmp/local-agent

connect to the Unix domain socket /tmp/local-agent, and perform the query over that connection.

/tmp/local-agent

identical to the previous specification, since the Unix domain is the default transport iff the first character of the is a '/'.

AAL5PVC:100

perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual circuit with VPI=0 and VCI=100 (decimal) on the first ATM adapter in the machine.

PVC:1.10.32

perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual circuit with VPI=10 (decimal) and VCI=32 (decimal) on the second ATM adapter in the machine. Note that "PVC" is a synonym for "AAL5PVC".

udp6:hostname:10161

perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 10161 on hostname (which will be looked up as an AAAA record).

UDP6:[fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0]

perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 161 at address fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0.

tcpipv6:[::1]:1611

connect to port 1611 on the local host (::1 in IPv6 parlance) using TCP/IPv6 and perform query over that connection.

Note that not all the transport domains listed above will always be available; for instance, hosts with no IPv6 support will not be able to use udp6 transport addresses, and attempts to do so will result in the error "Unknown host". Likewise, since AAL5 PVC support is only currently available on Linux, it will fail with the same error on other platforms.

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MIB PARSING OPTIONS

 

The Net-SNMP MIB parser mostly adheres to the Structure of Management Information (SMI). As that specification has changed through time, and in recognition of the (ahem) diversity in compliance expressed in MIB files, additional options provide more flexibility in reading MIB files.

 

-Pc

Allow ASN.1 comments to extend to the end of the MIB source line. Strictly speaking, a second appearance of "--" should terminate the comment, but this breaks some MIB files. This behaviour can also be set with the configuration token strictCommentTerm.

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-Pd

Disables saving the DESCRIPTION of MIB objects when parsing MIB files, reducing the amount of memory used by the running application.

# 注释 ：-Pd 表示在解释 MIB 文件时，禁止保存描述信息，以节省内存和时间

 

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-Pe

Show errors encountered when parsing MIB files. These include references to IMPORTed modules and MIB objects that cannot be located in the MIB directory search list. This can also be set with the configuration token showMibErrors.

# 注释 ：-Pe 表示在解释 MIB 文件时显示错误。包括 IMPORTed 错误（重复加载）和 无法在 MIB 目录中找到指定对象

 

# 注释 ：可以在配置文件中用 showMibErrors 关键字来默认启用

 

# 问题 ：在 snmp.conf 中使用 showMibErrors

 

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-PR

If the same MIB object (parent name and sub-identifier) appears multiple times in the list of MIB definitions loaded, use the last version to be read in. By default, the first version will be used, and any duplicates discarded. This behaviour can also be set with the configuration token mibReplaceWithLatest.

Such ordering is normally only relevant if there are two MIB files with conflicting object definitions for the same OID (or different revisions of the same basic MIB object).

# 注释 ：默认情况下，如果 Net-SNMP 在加载 MIB 时发现 一个 MIB 对象在列表上出现多次，则默认只加载第一个。

     # -PR 则表示只加载最后一个。该行为可以在 snmp.conf 中用 mibReplaceWithLatest 来指定

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-Pu

Allow the underline character in MIB object names and other symbols. Strictly speaking, this is not valid SMI syntax, but some vendor MIB files define such names. This can also be set with the configuration token mibAllowUnderline.

    # 注释 ：-Pu 允许 MIB 对象的名称和其他 symbol 中存在下划线。严格来说，这不是有效的 SMI 语法

 

    # 该选项等同于 snmp.conf 中的 mibAllowUnderline

 

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-Pw

Show various warning messages in parsing MIB files and building the overall OID tree. This can also be set with the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 1

     # 注释 ：-Pw 表示在解释 MIB 文件和构建全局的 OID 树时显示错误。

 

     # 该选项等同于 snmp.conf 的 mibWarningLevel 1

 

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-PW

Show some additional warning messages, mostly relating to parsing individual MIB objects. This can also be set with the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 2

# 注释 ：-PW 显示额外的告警信息，大部分还是和解析单个的 MIB 对象有关。

# 这等同于 snmp.conf 中的 mibWarningLevel 2    

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OUTPUT OPTIONS

The format of the output from SNMP commands can be controlled using various parameters of the -O flag. The effects of these sub-options can be seen by comparison with the following default output (unless otherwise specified):

 

# 注释 ：输出格式方面可以使用 -O 选项来控制

 

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$ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost sysUpTime.0
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

-Oa

Display string values as ASCII strings (unless there is a DISPLAY-HINT defined for the corresponding MIB object). By default, the library attempts to determine whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it accordingly.

     # 注释 ： 默认情况下，snmp 在输出时会尝试判断值的类型是 ASCII 还是二进制字符。-Oa 则强制为 ASCII 输出

This option does not affect objects that do have a Display Hint. 

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-Ob

Display table indexes numerically, rather than trying to interpret the instance subidentifiers as string or OID values:

 

     # 注释 ：-Ob 表示在输出表的记录的时候，index 采用数字方式而不是字符串方式

    $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
    SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
    $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -Ob localhost vacmSecurityModel
    SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.3.119.101.115 = xxx

-Oe

Removes the symbolic labels from enumeration values:

    $ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost ipForwarding.0
    IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: forwarding(1)
    $ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
    IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: 1

-OE

Modifies index strings to escape the quote characters:

    $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
    SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
    $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost vacmSecurityModel
    SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.\"wes\" = xxx

This allows the output to be reused in shell commands.

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-Of

Include the full list of MIB objects when displaying an OID:

.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0 =

Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

# 注释 ：-Of 表示在输出 oid 时显示完整的 oid ，这个选项比较有用

 

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-On

Displays the OID numerically: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

# 注释 ：-On 表示显示数字格式的 oid ，而不是字符串格式

 

# 注释 ：注意，如果使用 -Of 则覆盖 -On

 

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-Oq

Removes the equal sign and type information when displaying varbind values: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 1:15:09:27.63

# 注释 ：-Oq 表示输出时不包含 = 号和值的类型

 

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-OQ

Removes the type information when displaying varbind values: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 1:15:09:27.63

# 注释 ：-OQ 表示输出时不包含值的类型，但包含 = 号

 

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-Os

Display the MIB object name (plus any instance or other subidentifiers): sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

# 注释 ：-Os 表示输出时显示对象名和实例名，但不包含 MIB 名称

 

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-OS

Display the name of the MIB, as well as the object name: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

# 注释 ：-OS 表示输出时按 “ MIB名称：对象名称：实例”的格式，

This is the default OID output format.

# 注释 ：同时这也是默认的格式

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-Ot

Display TimeTicks values as raw numbers: SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 14096763

# 注释 ：-Ot 表示在输出时间戳时按原始格式输出，也就是一串数字，而不是翻译成

# human-readable 的格式

 

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-OT

If values are printed as Hex strings, display a printable version as well.

# 注释 ：-OT 表示如果值是以16进制格式输出，则显示一个可打印的版本

 

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-Ou

Display the OID in the traditional UCD-style (inherited from the original CMU code). That means removing a series of "standard" prefixes from the OID, and displaying the remaining list of MIB object names (plus any other subidentifiers): system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63

# 注释 ：-Ou 表示输出 OID 时按照传统的 UCD 风格输出。这意味着去掉标准的前缀，只显示剩下的部分

# 例如上面的粗体部分

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-OU

Do not print the UNITS suffix at the end of the value.

# 注释 ：-OU 表示在值的结尾不输出单位

 

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-Ov

Display the varbind value only, not the OID:

# 注释 ：-Ov 表示只输出 oid 的类型和值，不包含 oid

    $ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
    INTEGER: forwarding(1)

-Ox

Display string values as Hex strings (unless there is a DISPLAY-HINT defined for the corresponding MIB object). By default, the library attempts to determine whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it accordingly.

This option does not affect objects that do have a Display Hint.

# 注释 ：-Ox 表示限制 oid 的值时以 16 进制的格式输出，默认是自动判断输出的格式。

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-OX

Display table indexes in a more "program like" output, imitating a traditional array-style index format:

    $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost ipv6RouteTable
    IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex.63.254.1.0.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.64.1 = INTEGER: 2
    $ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost ipv6RouteTable
    IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex[3ffe:100:ff00:0:0:0:0:0][64][1] = INTEGER: 2

Most of these options can also be configured via configuration tokens. See the (5) manual page for details.

# 注释 ：-OX 表示让输出看起来更加象程序的输出

# 注释 ：上面的这些选项大部分可以通过 snmp.conf 来配置
 

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LOGGING OPTIONS

The mechanism and destination to use for logging of warning and error messages can be controlled by passing various parameters to the -L flag.

 

# 注释 ：日志的格式和方案可以通过 -L 选项控制

-Le

Log messages to the standard error stream.

# 注释 ：-Le 表示输出到标准错误

 

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-Lf FILE

Log messages to the specified file.

 

# 注释 ：-Lf 表示输出到文件

 

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-Lo

Log messages to the standard output stream.

 

# 注释 ：-Lo 表示输出到标准输出 

 

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-Ls FACILITY

Log messages via syslog, using the specified facility ('d' for LOG_DAEMON, 'u' for LOG_USER, or '0'-'7' for LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7).

# 注释 ：-ls 表示通过 syslog ，d 表示 LOG_DAEMON ,u 表示 LOG_USER ，0-7 表示通过 LOG_LOCAL0 到 LOG_LOCAL 7

There are also "upper case" versions of each of these options, which allow the corresponding logging mechanism to be restricted to certain priorities of message. Using standard error logging as an example:

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-LE pri

will log messages of priority 'pri' and above to standard error.

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-LE p1-p2

will log messages with priority between 'p1' and 'p2' (inclusive) to standard error.

For -LF and -LS the priority specification comes before the file or facility token. The priorities recognised are:

0 or ! for LOG_EMERG, 1 or a for LOG_ALERT, 2 or c for LOG_CRIT, 3 or e for LOG_ERR, 4 or w for LOG_WARNING, 5 or n for LOG_NOTICE, 6 or i for LOG_INFO, and 7 or d for LOG_DEBUG.

Normal output is (or will be!) logged at a priority level of LOG_NOTICE 

 

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INPUT OPTIONS

The interpretation of input object names and the values to be assigned can be controlled using various parameters of the -I flag. The default behaviour will be described at the end of this section.

 

# 注释 ：对输入的对象名称进行解释，因此 Net-SNMP 所赋予的值可以通过 -I 选项来控制

-Ib

specifies that the given name should be regarded as a regular expression, to match (case-insensitively) against object names in the MIB tree. The "best" match will be used - calculated as the one that matches the closest to the beginning of the node name and the highest in the tree. For example, the MIB object vacmSecurityModel could be matched by the expression vacmsecuritymodel (full name, but different case), or vacm.*model (regexp pattern).

Note that '.' is a special character in regular expression patterns, so the expression cannot specify instance subidentifiers or more than one object name. A "best match" expression will only be applied against single MIB object names. For example, the expression sys*ontact.0 would not match the instance sysContact.0 (although sys*ontact would match sysContact). Similarly, specifying a MIB module name will not succeed (so SNMPv2-MIB::sys.*ontact would not match either).

# 注释 ：-Ib 表示对象名是一个正则表达式。由于 "." 在正则表达式是一个特殊的字符，所以 -Ib 无法匹配那些带有实例或者子数的 oid ，例如 sysContact.0 ，

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-Ih

disables the use of DISPLAY-HINT information when assigning values. This would then require providing the raw value: snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemData.0 x "07 D2 0C 0A 02 04 06 08" instead of a formatted version: snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0 = 2002-12-10,2:4:6.8

 

 

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-Ir

disables checking table indexes and the value to be assigned against the relevant MIB definitions. This will (hopefully) result in the remote agent reporting an invalid request, rather than checking (and rejecting) this before it is sent to the remote agent. Local checks are more efficient (and the diagnostics provided also tend to be more precise), but disabling this behaviour is particularly useful when testing the remote agent.

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-IR （重要）

enables "random access" lookup of MIB names. Rather than providing a full OID path to the desired MIB object (or qualifying this object with an explicit MIB module name), the MIB tree will be searched for the matching object name. Thus .iso.org.dod.internet.mib-2.system.sysDescr.0 (or SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0) can be specified simply as sysDescr.0.

Warning:

Since MIB object names are not globally unique, this approach may return a different MIB object depending on which MIB files have been loaded.

The MIB-MODULE::objectName syntax has the advantage of uniquely identifying a particular MIB object, as well as being slightly more efficient (and automatically loading the necessary MIB file if necessary).

# 注释 ：-IR 允许在查询 MIB 对象名称时 “随机访问“ ，而不是提供完整的 OID ，相反是对 MIB tree 进行搜索，查找是否有匹配的对象名称。

 

# 简单的说，就是不需要用户记住完整的 OID ，而是写出最后一部分，让 snmp 自己去 MIB tree 中查找是否存在该对象

 

# 这是一个很好的用的选项，不过因为 MIB 对象并不是全局唯一的，所以也有可能返回自己不想要的对象，这取决于那个 MIB 被加载

 

# 为了提高匹配的准确性，可以用 ”mib：object“的格式

 

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-Is SUFFIX

adds the specified suffix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can be used to retrieve multiple objects from the same row of a table, by specifying a common index value.

 # 注释 ：-Is 表示对每个“文字格式”的 OID 都加上指定的后缀。你可以用它来查询一个表的同一行，

# 只需定一个公共的 index 就可以了

 

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  -IS PREFIX

adds the specified prefix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can be used to specify an explicit MIB module name for all objects being retrieved (or for incurably lazy typists).

# 注释 ：-IS 表示对每个文字格式的 OID 都加上前缀。

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  -Iu

enables the traditional UCD-style approach to interpreting input OIDs. This assumes that OIDs are rooted at the 'mib-2' point in the tree (unless they start with an explicit '.' or include a MIB module name). So the sysDescr instance above would be referenced as system.sysDescr.0.

# 注释 ：-Iu 表示允许使用传统的 UCD 风格来解释 OID

 

# 所谓传统的 UCD 风格就是 ：假设 OID 从 mib-2 这个 subtree 开始（除非 oid 是以 '.' 开始），所以 sysDescr 可以写成 system.sysDescr.0

 

# 这也是一个方便用户的选项，可以节省书写一部分 oid

Object names specified with a leading '.' are always interpreted as "fully qualified" OIDs, listing the sequence of MIB objects from the root of the MIB tree. Such objects and those qualified by an explicit MIB module name are unaffected by the -Ib, -IR and -Iu flags.

# 注释 ：对于那些以 '.' 开头的 oid ，一律认为是从根开始，对于这种格式的 oid ，-Iu ，-IR，-Ib 不起作用

Otherwise, if none of the above input options are specified, the default behaviour for a "relative" OID is to try and interpret it as an (implicitly) fully qualified OID, then apply "random access" lookup (-IR), followed by "best match" pattern matching (-Ib).

# 注释 ：默认情况下，如果没有任何 -I 选项，则 oid 被首先认为是一个完整的 oid ，其次才是随机查找(-IR),然后才是 -Ib 

 

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ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

PREFIX

The standard prefix for object identifiers (when using UCD-style output). Defaults to .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2

# 注释 ：PREFIX 是一个 OID 的标准前缀，默认是 .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2

# 通过定义该选项，可以在输入一个 OID 时不需要输出 PFEFIX 所指定的部分

MIBS

The list of MIBs to load. Defaults to SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-MIB:UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB. Overridden by the -m option.

# 注释 ：MIBS 定义要加载的 MIB 列表。默认是： SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-MIB:UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB.

# 注意，它会被命令行的 -m 选项的值所覆盖

MIBDIRS

The list of directories to search for MIBs. Defaults to /usr/share/snmp/mibs. Overridden by the -M option.

# 注释 ：MIBDIRS 定义用于搜索可能存在的 MIB 文件的目录。默认是 /usr/share/snmp/mibs

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FILES

/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

Agent configuration file. See (5).

/etc/snmp/snmp.conf

~/.snmp/snmp.conf

Application configuration files. See (5).

SEE ALSO

(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (5).