2013年(56)
分类: C#/.net
2013-09-24 13:12:02
1.学习任何语言都必定会学到的hello,world!
using System;
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void Main(string[] args) {
Console.Write("Hello World!");
}
}
2.原始的编译器(你可以使用下面的命令行编译)
C:>csc HelloWorld.cs
你将得到:
HelloWorld
3.读取文件
A:读取整个文件到字符串
using System;
namespace PlayingAround {
class ReadAll {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
string contents = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(@"C:\t1");
Console.Out.WriteLine("contents = " + contents);
}
}
}
B:从一个文件中读取所有行到数组中
using System;
namespace PlayingAround {
class ReadAll {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
string[] lines = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"C:\t1");
Console.Out.WriteLine("contents = " + lines.Length);
Console.In.ReadLine();
}
}
}
C:逐行读取文件不检查错误(对于大文件很有作用)
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("fileName.txt");
string line;
while((line= sr.ReadLine()) != null) {
Console.WriteLine("xml template:"+line);
}
if (sr != null)sr.Close(); //应该在最后或使用块
4.写文件
A:简单写入所有文本(文件不存在将创建,存在将重写,最终关闭文件)
using System;
namespace PlayingAround {
class ReadAll {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
string myText = "Line1" + Environment.NewLine + "Line2" + Environment.NewLine;
System.IO.File.WriteAllText(@"C:\t2", myText);
}
}
}
B:使用Streams将一行文字写入文件
using System;
using System.IO;
public class WriteFileStuff {
public static void Main() {
FileStream fs = new FileStream("c:\\tmp\\WriteFileStuff.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs);
try {
sw.WriteLine("Howdy World.");
} finally {
if(sw != null) { sw.Close(); }
}
}
}
C:使用using访问文件(当block完整时using隐式调用Dispose(),这也会关闭文件,下面的代码请仔细参悟。)
using System;
using System.IO;
class Test {
private static void Main() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
using (TextWriter w = File.CreateText("C:\\tmp\\test\\log" + i + ".txt")) {
string msg = DateTime.Now + ", " + i;
w.WriteLine(msg);
Console.Out.WriteLine(msg);
}
}
Console.In.ReadLine();
}
}
D:"using" as "typedef" (a la "C")
using RowCollection = List
E:写一个简单的XML片段的艰难方法
static void writeTree(XmlNode xmlElement, int level) {
String levelDepth = "";
for(int i=0;i
{
levelDepth += " ";
}
Console.Write("\n{0}<{1}",levelDepth,xmlElement.Name);
XmlAttributeCollection xmlAttributeCollection = xmlElement.Attributes;
foreach(XmlAttribute x in xmlAttributeCollection)
{
Console.Write(" {0}='{1}'",x.Name,x.Value);
}
Console.Write(">");
XmlNodeList xmlNodeList = xmlElement.ChildNodes;
++level;
foreach(XmlNode x in xmlNodeList)
{
if(x.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element)
{
writeTree((XmlNode)x, level);
}
else if(x.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Text)
{
Console.Write("\n{0} {1}",levelDepth,(x.Value)。Trim());
}
}
Console.Write("\n{0}{1}>",levelDepth,xmlElement.Name);
}
F:写一个简单XML片段的简单方法
StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
XmlTextWriter xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(stringWriter);
xmlTextWriter.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
xmlDocument.WriteTo(xmlTextWriter); //xmlDocument 可以被 XmlNode替代
xmlTextWriter.Flush();
Console.Write(stringWriter.ToString());
G:写入XML的对象或者集合必须有一个默认的构造函数
public static string SerializeToXmlString(object objectToSerialize) {
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xmlSerializer =
new
System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(objectToSerialize.GetType());
xmlSerializer.Serialize(memoryStream, objectToSerialize);
ASCIIEncoding ascii = new ASCIIEncoding();
return ascii.GetString(memoryStream.ToArray());
}
H:并且它也要能使XML转换成对象
public static object DeSerializeFromXmlString(System.Type
typeToDeserialize, string xmlString) {
byte[] bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(xmlString);
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(bytes);
System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xmlSerializer =
new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeToDeserialize);
return xmlSerializer.Deserialize(memoryStream);
}
Example
[Test]
public void GetBigList() {
var textRepository =
ObjectFactory.GetInstance
List
string xml = SerializeToXmlString(brandAndCodeList);
Console.Out.WriteLine("xml = {0}", xml);
var brandAndCodeList2 = DeSerializeFromXmlString(typeof (BrandAndCode[]),
xml);
}
I:关于类型的几句话
类型一般包括数据成员和方法成员,比如int,它就包括了一个值和一个方法ToString()。
C#中所有值都是类型的实例。
C#提供了内置的,或预定义的,直接的语言,被编译器理解,并为他们划出关键词。这些值的类型包括SBYTE,短整型,长字节,USHORT(无符号短整型),UINT(无符号整型),ULONG(无符号长整型),浮点数,双精度浮点数胡,小数,布尔和char(字符型)。预定义的引用类型是字符串和对象。这些类型分为不同的类型在"系统"命名空间中也有别名,如整型int被重命名为System.Int32
.
C#在系统的命名空间中还提供了内置的类型如DateTime类型,当然编译器并不能直接知道这些类型。
所有C#类型均在下面几种分类之一:
值类型(大多数内置类型如int、double和自定义struct、没有方法只为一个值得enum类型)
引用类型(任何类,数组等)
泛型类型参数,指针类型
使用类自定义的类型
J:Write formated output:
int k = 16;
Console.WriteLine(" '{0,-8}'",k); // produces: '16 '
Console.WriteLine(" '{0,8}'",k); // produces: ' 16'
Console.WriteLine(" '{0,8}'","Test"); // produces: ' Test'
Console.WriteLine(" '{0,-8}'","Test");// produces: 'Test '
Console.WriteLine(" '{0:X}'",k); //(in HEX) produces: '10'
Console.WriteLine(" '{0:X10}'",k); //(in HEX) produces:'0000000010'
Console.WriteLine( 1234567.ToString("#,##0")); // writes with commas:
1,234,567
K:命名空间(命名空间的作用是为了减少混乱)
using Monkeys = Animals.Mammals.Primates;
class MyZoo { Monkeys.Howler; }
L:使用String.Format()把decimals 变成strings
s.Append(String.Format("Completion Ratio:
{0:##.#}%",100.0*completes/count));
或者使用ToString()方法在 double 对象上:
s.Append(myDouble.ToString("###.###")
又或者
String.Format("{0,8:F3}",this.OnTrack)
M:格式化DateTime对象
DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd-HHmm"); // will produce '20060414-1529'
5.构造函数,静态构造函数和析构函数的??示例:
using System;
class Test2
{
static int i;
static Test2() { // a constructor for the entire class called
//once before the first object created
i = 4;
Console.Out.WriteLine("inside static construtor…");
}
public Test2() {
Console.Out.WriteLine("inside regular construtor… i={0}",i);
}
~Test2() { // destructor (hopefully) called for each object
Console.Out.WriteLine("inside destructor");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Out.WriteLine("Test2");
new Test2();
new Test2();
}
}
运行:
inside static construtor…
Test2
inside regular construtor… i=4
inside regular construtor… i=4
inside destructor
inside destructor
see: