2015年（4）
分类： Oracle
2015-07-13 17:54:56
最近在给客户做一个项目的数据库迁移，虽然是一个比较简单的操作，但由于考虑到停机时间和数据库安全以及其他因素，项目部搞了很多方案比如导入导出方案，客户都觉得不是很满意。所以考虑使用直接把原数据库进行复制，但现象是两数据库版本不同，不知道有没有影响，以下是在同版本数据库的操作，供参考学习！
11g的RMAN duplicate 个人感觉比10g的先进了很多，10G需要在rman备份的基础上进行复制，使用 RMAN duplicate 创建一个数据完全相同但DBID不同的数据库。而11g的RMAN duplicate 可以通过Active database duplicate和Backup-based duplicate两种方法实现。这里的测试使用的是Active database duplicate，因为Active database duplicate 功能强大，不需要先把目标数据库进行rman备份，只要目标数据库处于归档模式下即可直接通过网络对数据库进行copy，且copy完成后自动open数据库。这对于大数据特别是T级别的数据库来说优点非常明显，复制前不需要进行备份，减少了备份和传送备份的时间，同时节省备份空间。下面来进行具体的duplicate操作。
1、环境信息。由于是测试，且个人硬件限制，以下测试在同一机器不同数据库实例操作，和在异机操作没什么区别。
target DB
ip：192.168.1.1
hostname：oracledba
oraclesid：orcl
auxiliary DB
ip：192.168.1.1
hostname：oracledba
oraclesid：oradu
2、创建auxiliary DB参数文件，启动实例到nomount状态，我们可以使用target DB的pfile进行修改使用，内容不需要太多，有相关目录能把实例启动到nomount即可，创建完成后pfile如下：
[root@oracledba dbs]# cat initoradu.ora
.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/oradu/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/oradu/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='oradu'
db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/')
log_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/')
由于这里使用的是同一机器上的不同实例，所以必须添加db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert，否则在复制的时候会报错无法创建数据文件，如果是异机复制，且两数据目录完全一样的情况下，这两个参数可省略，由于测试在同一环境，所以db_name不能一样，如果是异机复制，db_name完全可以一样。
创建参数文件中的相关目录并修改所属：
[root@oracledba dbs]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/ -pv
mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/'
[root@oracledba dbs]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/oradu/ -pv
mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/oradu/'
chown oracle:oinstall /u01 -R
启动实例到nomount状态
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initoradu.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
3、创建密码文件，必须保持target DB和auxiliary DB的密码一致。这里我直接对target DB密码文件重命名使用
[root@oracledba dbs]# cp orapworcl orapworadu
4、配置网络，原因不解释，配置完成后如下
[root@oracledba dbs]# cat ../network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME =orcl)
)
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME =oradu)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracledba)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[root@oracledba dbs]# cat ../network/admin/tnsnames.ora
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracledba)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
))
oradu =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracledba)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oradu)
))
5、开始复制,复制时需要注意是否使用nofilenamecheck参数，如果两个实例相关数据目录结构完全相同，则需要指定，否则会报错。这里不需要使用。复制日志太多，有兴趣的可以看看，或者跳过直接看结果!
[oracle@oracledba ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=oradu --------异机操作可省略此步操作
[oracle@oracledba ~]$rman target sys/oracle@orcl auxiliary sys/oracle@oradu
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat May 11 23:40:39 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1342927075)
connected to auxiliary database: ORADU (not mount)
RMAN>duplicate target database to oradu from active database nofilenamecheck;----------这里应该使用下面命令复制，可以进行对比一下差别。
RMAN> duplicate target database to oradu from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 11-MAY-13
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create spfile from memory
contents of Memory Script:
{
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''ORCL'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''ORADU'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/oradu/control02.ctl' from
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/control01.ctl';
alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORADU'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
Starting backup at 11-MAY-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=40 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20130511T224515 RECID=2 STAMP=815179515
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-MAY-13
Starting restore at 11-MAY-13
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 11-MAY-13
database mounted
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 11-MAY-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf tag=TAG20130511T224522
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:37
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20130511T224522
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:37
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20130511T224522
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf tag=TAG20130511T224522
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-MAY-13
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
archivelog like "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_05_11/o1_mf_1_14_8rwpgonf_.arc" auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_815146340.dbf" ;
catalog clone archivelog "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_815146340.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 11-MAY-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=10 STAMP=815179605
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_815146340.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-MAY-13
cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_815146340.dbf RECID=10 STAMP=815179607
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=815179607 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=815179607 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=815179607 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=815179607 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1063454;
recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 11-MAY-13
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 14 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_815146340.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_815146340.dbf thread=1 sequence=14
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 11-MAY-13
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''ORADU'' comment=
''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORADU'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORADU" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=815179616
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=815179616
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=815179616
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=815179616 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=815179616 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=815179616 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 11-MAY-13
数据库复制完成。
6、检查结果
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@oracledba ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat May 11 22:48:08 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/,
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/
db_name string ORADU
db_unique_name string ORADU
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string oradu
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/,
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
processor_group_name string
service_names string ORADU
SQL> show parameter pfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
/db_1/dbs/spfileoradu.ora
数据库已经open，各项参数正常，且已创建spfile并使用！整个复制过程完成！
