linux下用/proc/stat文件来计算cpu的利用率-c语言实现

proc文件系统介绍

    /proc文件系统是一个伪文件系统，它只存在内存当中，而不占用外存空间。它以文件系统的方式为内核与进程提供通信的接口。用户和应用程序可以通过/proc得到系统的信息，并可以改变内核的某些参数。由于系统的信息，如进程，是动态改变的，所以用户或应用程序读取/proc目录中的文件时，proc文件系统是动态从系统内核读出所需信息并提交的。

    /proc目录中有一些以数字命名的目录，它们是进程目录。系统中当前运行的每一个进程在/proc下都对应一个以进程号为目录名的目录/proc/pid，它们是读取进程信息的接口。此外，在Linux2.6.0-test6以上的版本中/proc/pid目录中有一个task目录，/proc/pid/task目录中也有一些以该进程所拥有的线程的线程号命名的目录/proc/pid/task/tid，它们是读取线程信息的接口。

/proc/stat文件

[root@root c_study]# cat /proc/stat
cpu  15579 99 13680 698457 10939 40 651 0 0
cpu0 1669 7 1974 338065 1396 5 9 0 0
cpu1 13910 91 11705 360391 9542 35 641 0 0
intr 957831 163 8 0 1 1 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 101 0 0 3582 0 37804 3657 22410 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ctxt 501479
btime 1363495431
processes 40101
procs_running 1
procs_blocked 0
softirq 1396087 0 693403 12972 15932 35928 3 44577 479 592793
[root@root c_study]#

第一行的数值表示的是CPU总的使用情况，所以我们只要用第一行的数字计算就可以了。下表解析第一行各数值的含义：

参数          解析（单位：jiffies）

(jiffies是内核中的一个全局变量，用来记录自系统启动一来产生的节拍数，在linux中，一个节拍大致可理解为操作系统进程调度的最小时间片，不同linux内核可能值有不同，通常在1ms到10ms之间)

user ( 15579 )    从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻，处于用户态的运行时间，不包含 nice值为负进程。

nice (99)      从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻，nice值为负的进程所占用的CPU时间

system (13680)  从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻，处于核心态的运行时间

idle (698457)   从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻，除IO等待时间以外的其它等待时间

iowait (10939) 从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻，IO等待时间(since 2.5.41)

irq (40)           从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻，硬中断时间(since 2.6.0-test4)

softirq (651)      从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻，软中断时间(since 2.6.0-test4)

stealstolen(0)     which is the time spent in other operating systems when running in a virtualized environment(since 2.6.11)

guest(0)        which is the time spent running a virtual  CPU  for  guest operating systems under the control of the Linux kernel(since 2.6.24)

 结论：总的cpu时间totalCpuTime = user + nice + system + idle + iowait + irq + softirq + stealstolen +guest

/proc//stat文件                                          

该文件包含了某一进程所有的活动的信息，该文件中的所有值都是从系统启动开始累计

到当前时刻。以下通过实例数据来说明该文件中各字段的含义。

[zhengangen@buick ~]# cat /proc/6873/stat

6873 (a.out) R 6723 6873 6723 34819 6873 8388608 77 0 0 0 41958 31 0 0 25 0 3 0 5882654 1409024 56 4294967295 134512640 134513720 3215579040 0 2097798 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0

说明：以下只解释对我们计算Cpu使用率有用相关参数

参数                                                                解释

pid=6873                            进程号

utime=1587                       该任务在用户态运行的时间，单位为jiffies

stime=41958                      该任务在核心态运行的时间，单位为jiffies

cutime=0                            所有已死线程在用户态运行的时间，单位为jiffies

cstime=0                            所有已死在核心态运行的时间，单位为jiffies

结论：进程的总Cpu时间processCpuTime = utime + stime + cutime + cstime，该值包括其所有线程的cpu时间。

/proc//task//stat文件

该文件包含了某一进程所有的活动的信息，该文件中的所有值都是从系统启动开始累计到当前时刻。该文件的内容格式以及各字段的含义同/proc//stat文件。

         注意，该文件中的tid字段表示的不再是进程号，而是linux中的轻量级进程(lwp)，即我们通常所说的线程。

结论：线程Cpu时间threadCpuTime = utime + stime

总的Cpu使用率计算

计算方法：

1、  采样两个足够短的时间间隔的Cpu快照，分别记作t1,t2，其中t1、t2的结构均为：

(user、nice、system、idle、iowait、irq、softirq、stealstolen、guest)的9元组;

2、  计算总的Cpu时间片totalCpuTime

a)         把第一次的所有cpu使用情况求和，得到s1;

b)         把第二次的所有cpu使用情况求和，得到s2;

c)         s2 - s1得到这个时间间隔内的所有时间片，即totalCpuTime = j2 - j1 ;

3、计算空闲时间idle

idle对应第四列的数据，用第二次的idle - 第一次的idle即可

idle=第二次的idle - 第一次的idle

4、计算cpu使用率

pcpu =100* (total-idle)/total

5、同理可以用同样的方法求出其他进程和线程所占cpu资源

源码

#include
#include
#include

#define __DEBUG__ 1
#define CK_TIME 1

int main(int argc ,char *argv[])
{
        FILE *fp;
        char buf[128];
        char cpu[5];
        long int user,nice,sys,idle,iowait,irq,softirq;

        long int all1,all2,idle1,idle2;
        float usage;

        while(1)
        {
                fp = fopen("/proc/stat","r");
                if(fp == NULL)
                {
                        perror("fopen:");
                        exit (0);
                }


                fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp);
#if __DEBUG__
                printf("buf=%s",buf);
#endif
                sscanf(buf,"%s%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",cpu,&user,&nice,&sys,&idle,&iowait,&irq,&softirq);
                /*
#if __DEBUG__
printf("%s,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\n",cpu,user,nice,sys,idle,iowait,irq,softirq);
#endif
*/
                all1 = user+nice+sys+idle+iowait+irq+softirq;
                idle1 = idle;
                rewind(fp);
                /*第二次取数据*/
                sleep(CK_TIME);
                memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
                cpu[0] = '\0';
                user=nice=sys=idle=iowait=irq=softirq=0;
                fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp);
#if __DEBUG__
                printf("buf=%s",buf);
#endif
                sscanf(buf,"%s%d%d%d%d%d%d%d",cpu,&user,&nice,&sys,&idle,&iowait,&irq,&softirq);
                /*
#if __DEBUG__
printf("%s,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\n",cpu,user,nice,sys,idle,iowait,irq,softirq);
#endif
*/
                all2 = user+nice+sys+idle+iowait+irq+softirq;
                idle2 = idle;

                usage = (float)(all2-all1-(idle2-idle1)) / (all2-all1)*100 ;


                printf("all=%d\n",all2-all1);
                printf("ilde=%d\n",all2-all1-(idle2-idle1));
                printf("cpu use = %.2f\%\n",usage);
                printf("=======================\n");

                fclose(fp);
        }
        return 1;
}

gcc编译

gcc -o cpu_use -g cpu_use.c

运行

buf=cpu  15824 100 13772 879622 11014 40 720 0 0
buf=cpu  15837 100 13790 879731 11014 40 720 0 0
all=140
ilde=31
cpu use = 22.14%
=======================
buf=cpu  15837 100 13790 879731 11014 40 720 0 0
buf=cpu  15857 100 13824 879786 11014 40 721 0 0
all=110
ilde=55
cpu use = 50.00%
=======================
buf=cpu  15857 100 13824 879786 11014 40 721 0 0
buf=cpu  15877 100 13856 879842 11014 41 721 0 0
all=109
ilde=53
cpu use = 48.62%
=======================
buf=cpu  15877 100 13857 879842 11014 41 721 0 0
buf=cpu  15897 100 13889 879901 11014 41 722 0 0
all=112
ilde=53
cpu use = 47.32%
=======================

代码只是简单的获取出CPU使用率，如果用到系统里，还是要用线程的。

 

 

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define STATES_line2x4  "%s\03" \
   " %#5.1f%% \02user,\03 %#5.1f%% \02system,\03 %#5.1f%% \02nice,\03 %#5.1f%% \02idle\03\n"
static const char *States_fmts = STATES_line2x4;

//Total number of CPU
static int Cpu_tot;
// These typedefs attempt to ensure consistent 'ticks' handling
typedef unsigned long long TIC_t;

// This structure stores a frame's cpu tics used in history
// calculations.  It exists primarily for SMP support but serves
// all environments.
typedef struct CPU_t {
   TIC_t u, n, s, i, w, x, y;                             // as represented in /proc/stat
   TIC_t u_sav, s_sav, n_sav, i_sav, w_sav, x_sav, y_sav; // in the order of our display
   unsigned id;  // the CPU ID number
} CPU_t;

// This routine simply formats whatever the caller wants and
// returns a pointer to the resulting 'const char' string...
static const char *fmtmk (const char *fmts, ...)
{
   static char buf[2048];          // with help stuff, our buffer
   va_list va;                          // requirements exceed 1k

   va_start(va, fmts);
   vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmts, va);
   va_end(va);
   return (const char *)buf;
}

static CPU_t *cpus_refresh (CPU_t *cpus)
{
   static FILE *fp = NULL;
   int i;
   int num;
   // enough for a /proc/stat CPU line (not the intr line)
   char buf[256+64];

  
   if (!fp) {
      if (!(fp = fopen("/proc/stat", "r")))
         printf("Failed /proc/stat open: %s", strerror(errno));
     
      //cpus = calloc(1, (1 + Cpu_tot) * sizeof(CPU_t));
      cpus = (CPU_t *)malloc((1 + Cpu_tot) * sizeof(CPU_t));
      memset(cpus, '\0', (1 + Cpu_tot) * sizeof(CPU_t));
   }
   rewind(fp);
   fflush(fp);

   // first value the last slot with the cpu summary line
   if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) printf("failed /proc/stat read\n");
   cpus[Cpu_tot].x = 0;  // FIXME: can't tell by kernel version number
   cpus[Cpu_tot].y = 0;  // FIXME: can't tell by kernel version number
   num = sscanf(buf, "cpu %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu",
      &cpus[Cpu_tot].u,
      &cpus[Cpu_tot].n,
      &cpus[Cpu_tot].s,
      &cpus[Cpu_tot].i,
      &cpus[Cpu_tot].w,
      &cpus[Cpu_tot].x,
      &cpus[Cpu_tot].y
   );
   if (num < 4)
         printf("failed /proc/stat read\n");

   // and just in case we're 2.2.xx compiled without SMP support...
   if (Cpu_tot == 1) {
      cpus[1].id = 0;
      memcpy(cpus, &cpus[1], sizeof(CPU_t));
   }
   // now value each separate cpu's tics
   for (i = 0; 1 < Cpu_tot && i < Cpu_tot; i++) {
      if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) printf("failed /proc/stat read\n");
      cpus[i].x = 0;  // FIXME: can't tell by kernel version number
      cpus[i].y = 0;  // FIXME: can't tell by kernel version number
      num = sscanf(buf, "cpu%u %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu %Lu",
         &cpus[i].id,
         &cpus[i].u, &cpus[i].n, &cpus[i].s, &cpus[i].i, &cpus[i].w, &cpus[i].x, &cpus[i].y
      );
      if (num < 4)
            printf("failed /proc/stat read\n");
   }
   return cpus;
}

static void summaryhlp (CPU_t *cpu, const char *pfx)
{
   // we'll trim to zero if we get negative time ticks,
   // which has happened with some SMP kernels (pre-2.4?)
#define TRIMz(x)  ((tz = (long long)(x)) < 0 ? 0 : tz)
   long long u_frme, s_frme, n_frme, i_frme, w_frme, x_frme, y_frme, tot_frme, tz;
   float scale;
 if(cpu == NULL){
  printf("");
  return;
 }
printf("u = %Lu, u_sav = %Lu\n", cpu->u, cpu->u_sav);

   u_frme = cpu->u - cpu->u_sav;
   s_frme = cpu->s - cpu->s_sav;
   n_frme = cpu->n - cpu->n_sav;
   i_frme = TRIMz(cpu->i - cpu->i_sav);
   w_frme = cpu->w - cpu->w_sav;
   x_frme = cpu->x - cpu->x_sav;
   y_frme = cpu->y - cpu->y_sav;
   tot_frme = u_frme + s_frme + n_frme + i_frme + w_frme + x_frme + y_frme;
   if (tot_frme < 1) tot_frme = 1;
   scale = 100.0 / (float)tot_frme;
 
 
    printf("scale = %0.5f\n", scale);
   // display some kinda' cpu state percentages
   // (who or what is explained by the passed prefix)
   printf(States_fmts,
         pfx,
         (float)u_frme * scale,
         (float)s_frme * scale,
         (float)n_frme * scale,
         (float)i_frme * scale,
         (float)w_frme * scale,
         (float)x_frme * scale,
         (float)y_frme * scale
       );
   // remember for next time around
   cpu->u_sav = cpu->u;
   cpu->s_sav = cpu->s;
   cpu->n_sav = cpu->n;
   cpu->i_sav = cpu->i;
   cpu->w_sav = cpu->w;
   cpu->x_sav = cpu->x;
   cpu->y_sav = cpu->y;

#undef TRIMz
}

int main()
{

static CPU_t * smpcpu = NULL;
 for(;;){
 Cpu_tot = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
 printf("CPU number: %ld\n", Cpu_tot);
 smpcpu = cpus_refresh(smpcpu);
 summaryhlp(&smpcpu[Cpu_tot], "Cpu(s):");
 printf("\n");
 sleep(3);
 smpcpu = cpus_refresh(smpcpu);
 summaryhlp(&smpcpu[Cpu_tot], "Cpu(s):");
 printf("++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n");
 }
 return 0;
}