利用openssl生成证书详细过程

使用OpenSSL生成证书  

 

下载安装openssl，进入/bin/下面，执行命令（把ssl目录下的openssl.cnf 拷贝到bin目录下）

1.首先要生成服务器端的私钥(key文件):

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

[root@airwaySSL openssl]# cd ssl/

[root@airwaySSL ssl]# pwd

/home/openssl/ssl

[root@airwaySSL ssl]# ls

certs  man  misc  openssl.cnf  private  server.csr  server.key

运行时会提示输入密码,此密码用于加密key文件(参数des3便是指加密算法,当然也可以选用其他你认为安全的算法.),以后每当需读取此文件(通过openssl提供的命令或API)都需输入口令.如果觉得不方便,也可以去除这个口令,但一定要采取其他的保护措施!

去除key文件口令的命令:

openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key

2.openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for server.key:12345

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated

into your certificate request.

What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank

For some fields there will be a default value,

If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.

-----

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN

State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china

Locality Name (eg, city) []:wuhan

Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:airway

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:airway

Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:airway

Email Address []:

 

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes

to be sent with your certificate request

A challenge password []:

An optional company name []:

 

生成Certificate Signing Request（CSR）,生成的csr文件交给CA签名后形成服务端自己的证书.屏幕上将有提示,依照其指示一步一步输入要求的个人信息即可.

3.对客户端也作同样的命令生成key及csr文件:

openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024

 

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus

...........++++++

..++++++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345

Verifying - Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345

 

openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr -config openssl.cnf

 

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr -config openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated

into your certificate request.

What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank

For some fields there will be a default value,

If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.

-----

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cn

State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china

Locality Name (eg, city) []:wuhan

Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:airway

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:airway

Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:airway

Email Address []:

 

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes

to be sent with your certificate request

A challenge password []:

An optional company name []:

 

4.CSR文件必须有CA的签名才可形成证书.可将此文件发送到verisign等地方由它验证,要交一大笔钱,何不自己做CA呢.

openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt -config openssl.cnf

 

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt -config openssl.cnf

Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key

...++++++

...................++++++

writing new private key to 'ca.key'

Enter PEM pass phrase:12345

Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:

-----

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated

into your certificate request.

What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank

For some fields there will be a default value,

If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.

-----

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN

State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china

Locality Name (eg, city) []:wuhan

Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:airway

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:airway

Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:airway

Email Address []:

在继续下面操作前，将openssl.conf文件打开，查看其dir路径将其修改为dir =/home/openssl/bin/demoCA /，否则下面的步骤会提示路径无法找到。

 

　　自己手动创建一个CA目录结构：
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir ./demoCA
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir demoCA/newcerts
　　创建个空文件：
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/index.txt
　　向文件中写入01：
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/serial

5.用生成的CA的证书为刚才生成的server.csr,client.csr文件签名:

openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf

 

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf

Using configuration from openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for ca.key:

Check that the request matches the signature

Signature ok

Certificate Details:

        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)

        Validity

            Not Before: Feb 26 04:15:02 2009 GMT

            Not After : Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT

        Subject:

            countryName               = CN

            stateOrProvinceName       = china

            organizationName          = airway

            organizationalUnitName    = airway

            commonName                = airway

        X509v3 extensions:

            X509v3 Basic Constraints:

            CA:FALSE

            Netscape Comment:

            OpenSSL Generated Certificate

            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:

            30:70:D2:EB:9B:73:AE:7B:0E:8E:F6:94:33:7C:53:5B:EF:93:FC:38

            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:

            keyid:DB:D6:83:BB:7F:28:C2:A9:40:6A:D8:32:FC:01:E0:5C:48:27:51:19

 

Certificate is to be certified until Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT (365 days)

Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

 

 

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y

Write out database with 1 new entries

Data Base Updated

 

openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf

 

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf

Using configuration from openssl.cnf

Enter pass phrase for ca.key:

Check that the request matches the signature

Signature ok

The countryName field needed to be the same in the

CA certificate (CN) and the request (cn)

现在我们所需的全部文件便生成了.

另：

client使用的文件有：ca.crt,client.crt,client.key

server使用的文件有：ca.crt,server.crt,server.key