命令行操作
如果你键入你的
SQL语句(通过命令行的工具psql),你需要在末尾加入一个分号。分号告诉psql已经到达命令的末尾了,因为很长的命令可能扩展到不止一行。
psql的基本命令
命令
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描述
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\?
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获得帮助消息
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\do
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列出操作类型
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\dt
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列出表
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\dT
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列出类型
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\h
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列出SQL命令的帮助;用实际的命令代替
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\i
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执行文件里头的命令
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\q
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退出psql
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使用psql工具:
/opt/PostgresPlus/9.2AS/bin/psql -U [-d]
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[root@edb ~]# /opt/PostgresPlus/9.2AS/bin/psql -U enterprisedb edb
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Password for user enterprisedb:
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psql (9.2.1.3)
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Type "help" for help.
edb=# \l 查看全部数据库名
如何创建TABLE?在不知道语法的时候,可以通过 \h 命令名 查询。
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edb=# \h create table
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Command: CREATE TABLE
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Description: define a new table
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Syntax:
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CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name ( [
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{ column_name data_type [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
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| table_constraint
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| LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] }
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[, ... ]
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] )
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[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
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[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
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[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
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[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
建立一个空的TABLE
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edb=# create table textnew();
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CREATE TABLE
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edb=#
通过\dt查看数据库里面的全部表
在空的TABLE里增加字段
alter table add ;
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edb=# \dt textnew;
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List of relations
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Schema | Name | Type | Owner
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--------------+---------+-------+--------------
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enterprisedb | textnew | table | enterprisedb
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(1 row)
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edb=# select * from textnew;
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--
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(0 rows)
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edb=# alter table textnew add uid serial;
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NOTICE: ALTER TABLE will create implicit sequence "textnew_uid_seq" for serial column "textnew.uid"
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ALTER TABLE
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edb=# alter table textnew add u_name character(10);
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ALTER TABLE
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edb=# select * from textnew;
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uid | u_name
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-----+--------
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(0 rows)
删除字段:
alter table drop ;
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edb=# alter table textnew add u_passwd character(10);
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ALTER TABLE
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edb=# select * from textnew;
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uid | u_name | u_passwd
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-----+--------+----------
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(0 rows)
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edb=# alter table textnew drop u_passwd;
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ALTER TABLE
建立主键
alter table add constraint primary key(column_name);
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edb=# alter table textnew add constraint pk_uid primary key(uid);
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ALTER TABLE
删除表:
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edb=# drop table textnew;
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DROP TABLE
提高建表的效率:(通过以下方法,可以快速批量地建立数据库和表结构)
第一种:
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edb=# create table testnew(uid serial,u_name varchar(10),u_passwd varchar(10),constraint pk_uid primary key(uid));
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NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "testnew_uid_seq" for serial column "testnew.uid"
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CREATE TABLE
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edb=# select * from testnew;
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uid | u_name | u_passwd
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-----+--------+----------
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(0 rows)
第二种:
在当前目录下编写一个.sql文件
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[root@edb /]# cat createTB.sql
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CREATE TABLE customer(
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customer_id serial,
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title char(4),
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fname varchar(32),
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lname varchar(32) NOT NULL,
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addressline varchar(64),
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town varchar(32),
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zipcode char(10) NOT NULL,
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phone varchar(16),
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CONSTRAINT customer_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id)
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);
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edb=# i createTB.sql
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psql:createTB.sql:11: NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "customer_customer_id_seq" for serial column "customer.customer_id"
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CREATE TABLE
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edb=# dt customer;
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List of relations
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Schema | Name | Type | Owner
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--------------+----------+-------+--------------
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enterprisedb | customer | table | enterprisedb
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(1 row)
第三种:选择数据库 --> 运行SQL语句
编写SQL语句:
运行指定的SQL语句:
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