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分类: NOSQL

2013-07-14 22:52:28


 MongoDB数据库基本操作


基本操作

下面列举几个常用的:
1、Help查看命令提示
   db.help();
副本集信息命令提示:rs.help
2、切换/创建数据库
   use test       --当创建一个集合的时候会自动创建当前数据库
3、查询所有数据库
   show dbs;
4、删除当前使用数据库
   db.dropDatabase();
5、修复当前数据库
   db.repairDatabase();
6、查看当前使用的数据库
   db.getName();
7、显示当前db状态
   db.stats();
8、当前db版本
   db.version();
9、查看当前db的链接机器地址
   db.getMongo();

Collection操作


1、创建一个聚集集合(table)
       db.createCollection(“collName”);
2、得到指定名称的聚集集合(table)
       db.getCollection("account");
3、得到当前db的所有聚集集合
       db.getCollectionNames();
4、显示当前db所有聚集索引的状态
       db.printCollectionStats();

用户相关

1、添加一个用户
      db.addUser("userName", "talent123", true);  --添加用户、设置密码、是否只读
2、数据库认证、安全模式
      db.auth("userName", "talent123");
3、显示当前所有用户
      show users;
4、删除用户
      db.removeUser("userName");

集合操作

1、创建一个聚集集合(table)
       db.createCollection(“collName”);
2、得到指定名称的聚集集合(table)
       db.getCollection("account");
3、得到当前db的所有聚集集合
       db.getCollectionNames();
4、显示当前db所有聚集索引的状态
       db.printCollectionStats();

插入数据

[/usr/mdb]#mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.4
connecting to: test      --默认连接的是test数据库:
> show dbs     --显示当前有多少数据库以及容量
local   0.078125GB
test    0.203125GB
> db          --显示当前使用的数据库
test
> use  ta     --切换数据库(类似sqlserver和mysql语法)
switched to db ta  --use命令隐式得建立了一个数据库,无需用create一类的语句建立.
> db.test.insert({id:100,name:100})  --插入命令就自动建立了集合,无需手动建立.
> db.test.find().limit(100);  ----查找前100条记录

MongoDB数据插入方式多种多样,除了简单的insert方法,还有下面一些常用方法
 
1.save函数变量插入

> i={name:'huangxing'};
{ "name" : "huangxing" }
> j={name:'bijiben'};j={name:'bijiben'};
{ "name" : "bijiben" }
> db.test.save(i);  --相当于 insert into test(name) values(‘bijiben’);
> db.test.save(j);
>  db.test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4440c0f47849131f7e528"), "id" : 100, "name" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4455b0f47849131f7e52a"), "name" : "huangxing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4456a0f47849131f7e52b"), "name" : "bijiben" }

2. 使用javascript语句循环插入:

> for( var i = 1; i < 10; i++ ) db.test.save( { x:i, y:12345 } );
> db.test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4440c0f47849131f7e528"), "id" : 100, "name" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4455b0f47849131f7e52a"), "name" : "huangxing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4456a0f47849131f7e52b"), "name" : "bijiben" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52c"), "x" : 1, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52d"), "x" : 2, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52e"), "x" : 3, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52f"), "x" : 4, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e530"), "x" : 5, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e531"), "x" : 6, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e532"), "x" : 7, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e533"), "x" : 8, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e534"), "x" : 9, "y" : 12345 }

每条文档都自动生成一个类型为ObjectId的key,名字叫做_id,一个集合中每条文档的_id值必须不同,类似关系数据中的主键,但是他的类型可以是任意的,而且我们可以手动指定_id的值。
>db.test.insert({ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e534"), "x" : 8, "y" : 12345 })
E11000 duplicate key error index: ta.test.$_id_  dup key: { : ObjectId('51d448680f47849131f7e534') }   --插入了重复的_id值,所以报错
>db.test.insert({ "_id" : 'ok',"x" : 8 })
> db.test.find()
………………………………………………………………………………………
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e53b"), "x" : 7, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e53c"), "x" : 8, "y" : 12345 }
Type "it" for more
> it                --输入it查看更多行
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e53d"), "x" : 9, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : "ok", "x" : 8 }

3. 自定义函数插入:

在用户的家目录建立.mongorc.js文件,启动mongo shell后,会自动加载这个文件,这样就可以使用它包含的函数了:
[root@RedHat-TA ~]# cat ~/.mongorc.js
function insertData(dbName, colName, num) {  --此函数用于插入数据
var col = db.getSiblingDB(dbName).getCollection(colName);
for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
col.insert({x:i});   --执行插入操作
}
print(col.count());  --打印记录条数
}
[root@RedHat-TA ~]# mongo
> insertData("test","js",3)  --三个参数,分别表示数据库名、集合名和准备插入的记录条数
3
> db.js.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb0f"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }

查询

Mongodbc查询语句多种多样,现在就简单谈谈几种常用查询方法:

1. 常用方法:

> db.soc.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfa14022b3900de099ba12"), "UUID" : 1, "RT" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:02.009Z"), "CT1" : "a", "CT2" : "b", "NAME" : "c", "AREA" : "d", "SE" : "e", "NUM" : "alarm event num", "EVENT" : "event name", "LEVEL" : "event level", "RULE" : "rule", "DURA" : 4312432, "APP_P" : "app-protcol", "TRAN_P" : "tp", "A_ID" : 1, "URL" : "", "U_P" : "par", "S_IP" : "192.168.73.66", "S_PT" : 1, "D_IP" : "192.168.73.22", "D_PT" : 4342, "MSG" : "description", "EN_T" : "system type", "EN_N" : "system name", "DE_IP" : "192.168.73.33", "C_ID" : 0.7236056630499661, "T_ID" : "44", "P_ID" : "55" }
这种查询方式一行展示一条文档,文档太长时不太方便查看,

2. 使用游标风格展示展示结果:

> var c=db.soc.find()  --实例化一个游标对象
> while ( c.hasNext() ) printjson( c.next() ) --调用游标对象的方法,展示结果
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("51dfa14022b3900de099ba12"),
        "UUID" : 1,
        "RT" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:02.009Z"),
        "CT1" : "a",
        "CT2" : "b",
        "NAME" : "c",
        "AREA" : "d",
        "SE" : "e",
        "NUM" : "alarm event num",
        "EVENT" : "event name",
        "LEVEL" : "event level",
        "RULE" : "rule",
        "DURA" : 4312432,
        "APP_P" : "app-protcol",
        "TRAN_P" : "tp",
        "A_ID" : 1,
        "URL" : "",
        "U_P" : "par",
        "S_IP" : "192.168.73.66",
        "S_PT" : 1,
        "D_IP" : "192.168.73.22",
        "D_PT" : 4342,
        "MSG" : "description",
        "EN_T" : "system type",
        "EN_N" : "system name",
        "DE_IP" : "192.168.73.33",
        "C_ID" : 0.7236056630499661,
        "T_ID" : "44",
        "P_ID" : "55"
}

sh1:SECONDARY> db.me.insert({name:100});
sh1:SECONDARY> db.me.find({"name":{$gt:1}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d57b89d8efbd65d3ff1561"), "name" : 100 }
游标json格式展示结果,比较直观,看少量文档时可以使用。

3.简单条件查询

> insertData("test","testdata",10)
50
> db.testdata.find({x:1}).forEach(printjson); --采用这种方式迭代输出游标,可以不用“it”分页显示
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d941"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe5bff5f10fd078d94b"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe6bff5f10fd078d955"), "x" : 1 }

输出前4条文档:
> db.testdata.find().limit(4).forEach(printjson);
--相当于:select * from testata where rownum<=4
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb0f"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }

从第3条记录开始,输出4行文档:
> db.testdata.find().limit(4).forEach(printjson);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb0f"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }
> db.testdata.find().skip(3).limit(4).forEach(printjson);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb13"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb14"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb15"), "x" : 6 }

4. 条件操作符过滤:

<, <=, >, >=,!=
例如,要求输出的文档中,x在1-5之间
> db.testdata.find({x:{$gte:1,$lte:5}}).forEach(printjson);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb13"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb14"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d941"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d942"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d943"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d944"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d945"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe5bff5f10fd078d94b"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe5bff5f10fd078d94c"), "x" : 2 }
同理,大于是$gt,小于是$lt, 不等于是$ne

5 字段查询

> db.testdata.find({x:1},{'_id':1, 'x':1}) --select _id,x from testdata where x=1;
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }

排序

--select * from testdata where x<=2 order by _id  asc,x desc
>  db.testdata.find({x:{$lte:2}}).sort({_id:1,x:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716c"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716e"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47171"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47173"), "x" : 2 }

其他常用谓词

OR
> db.testdata.find({$or:[{x:{$lte:1}}, {x:{$gte:3}}]})db.testdata.find({$or:[{x:{$lte:1}}, {x:{$gte:3}}]})
--select * from testdata where x <=1 or  x >= 3
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716c"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716f"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b47170"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47171"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47174"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47175"), "x" : 4 }
IN
--select * from testdata where x in (1, 2)
> db.testdata.find({x:{$in:[1,2]}})db.testdata.find({x:{$in:[1,2]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716e"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47173"), "x" : 2 }

Group by

--SELECT sum(x) FROM testdata where x!=0  GROUP BY x
>db.testdata.group({
key : {'x' : true},
cond: {'x':{$ne:0}},
reduce: function(obj,prev) { prev.sum += obj.x;},
initial: {sum : 0}
});
[
        {
                "x" : 1,
                "sum" : 2
        },
        {
                "x" : 2,
                "sum" : 4
        },
        {
                "x" : 3,
                "sum" : 6
        },
        {
                "x" : 4,
                "sum" : 8
        }
]

DISTINCT

> db.testdata.distinct('x')
[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

更新

update() 有几个参数需要注意。
db.collection.update(criteria, objNew, upsert, mult)
criteria: 需要被更新的条件表达式
objNew: 更新表达式
upsert: 如目标记录不存在,是否插入新文档。
multi: 是否更新多个文档。
-- update testdata set x = x + 10 where x in(0,1)
> db.testdata.update({x:{$in:[0,1]}},{$inc:{x:10}},false,true)

删除

> db.testdata.remove()
//移除所有

> db.testdata.remove({x:0})
//移除x='0'的行
 
1、添加一个用户
      db.addUser("userName", "talent123", true);  --添加用户、设置密码、是否只读
2、数据库认证、安全模式
      db.auth("userName", "talent123");
3、显示当前所有用户
      show users;
4、删除用户
      db.removeUser("userName");

集合操作

1、创建一个聚集集合(table)
       db.createCollection(“collName”);
2、得到指定名称的聚集集合(table)
       db.getCollection("account");
3、得到当前db的所有聚集集合
       db.getCollectionNames();
4、显示当前db所有聚集索引的状态
       db.printCollectionStats();

插入数据

[/usr/mdb]#mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.4
connecting to: test      --默认连接的是test数据库:
> show dbs     --显示当前有多少数据库以及容量
local   0.078125GB
test    0.203125GB
> db          --显示当前使用的数据库
test
> use  ta     --切换数据库(类似sqlserver和mysql语法)
switched to db ta  --use命令隐式得建立了一个数据库,无需用create一类的语句建立.
> db.test.insert({id:100,name:100})  --插入命令就自动建立了集合,无需手动建立.
> db.test.find().limit(100);  ----查找前100条记录

MongoDB数据插入方式多种多样,除了简单的insert方法,还有下面一些常用方法
 
1.save函数变量插入

> i={name:'huangxing'};
{ "name" : "huangxing" }
> j={name:'bijiben'};j={name:'bijiben'};
{ "name" : "bijiben" }
> db.test.save(i);  --相当于 insert into test(name) values(‘bijiben’);
> db.test.save(j);
>  db.test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4440c0f47849131f7e528"), "id" : 100, "name" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4455b0f47849131f7e52a"), "name" : "huangxing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4456a0f47849131f7e52b"), "name" : "bijiben" }

2. 使用javascript语句循环插入:

> for( var i = 1; i < 10; i++ ) db.test.save( { x:i, y:12345 } );
> db.test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4440c0f47849131f7e528"), "id" : 100, "name" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4455b0f47849131f7e52a"), "name" : "huangxing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4456a0f47849131f7e52b"), "name" : "bijiben" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52c"), "x" : 1, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52d"), "x" : 2, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52e"), "x" : 3, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e52f"), "x" : 4, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e530"), "x" : 5, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e531"), "x" : 6, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e532"), "x" : 7, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e533"), "x" : 8, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d4480c0f47849131f7e534"), "x" : 9, "y" : 12345 }

每条文档都自动生成一个类型为ObjectId的key,名字叫做_id,一个集合中每条文档的_id值必须不同,类似关系数据中的主键,但是他的类型可以是任意的,而且我们可以手动指定_id的值。
>db.test.insert({ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e534"), "x" : 8, "y" : 12345 })
E11000 duplicate key error index: ta.test.$_id_  dup key: { : ObjectId('51d448680f47849131f7e534') }   --插入了重复的_id值,所以报错
>db.test.insert({ "_id" : 'ok',"x" : 8 })
> db.test.find()
………………………………………………………………………………………
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e53b"), "x" : 7, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e53c"), "x" : 8, "y" : 12345 }
Type "it" for more
> it                --输入it查看更多行
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d448680f47849131f7e53d"), "x" : 9, "y" : 12345 }
{ "_id" : "ok", "x" : 8 }

3. 自定义函数插入:

在用户的家目录建立.mongorc.js文件,启动mongo shell后,会自动加载这个文件,这样就可以使用它包含的函数了:
[root@RedHat-TA ~]# cat ~/.mongorc.js
function insertData(dbName, colName, num) {  --此函数用于插入数据
var col = db.getSiblingDB(dbName).getCollection(colName);
for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
col.insert({x:i});   --执行插入操作
}
print(col.count());  --打印记录条数
}
[root@RedHat-TA ~]# mongo
> insertData("test","js",3)  --三个参数,分别表示数据库名、集合名和准备插入的记录条数
3
> db.js.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb0f"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }

查询

Mongodbc查询语句多种多样,现在就简单谈谈几种常用查询方法:

1. 常用方法:

> db.soc.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfa14022b3900de099ba12"), "UUID" : 1, "RT" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:02.009Z"), "CT1" : "a", "CT2" : "b", "NAME" : "c", "AREA" : "d", "SE" : "e", "NUM" : "alarm event num", "EVENT" : "event name", "LEVEL" : "event level", "RULE" : "rule", "DURA" : 4312432, "APP_P" : "app-protcol", "TRAN_P" : "tp", "A_ID" : 1, "URL" : "", "U_P" : "par", "S_IP" : "192.168.73.66", "S_PT" : 1, "D_IP" : "192.168.73.22", "D_PT" : 4342, "MSG" : "description", "EN_T" : "system type", "EN_N" : "system name", "DE_IP" : "192.168.73.33", "C_ID" : 0.7236056630499661, "T_ID" : "44", "P_ID" : "55" }
这种查询方式一行展示一条文档,文档太长时不太方便查看,

2. 使用游标风格展示展示结果:

> var c=db.soc.find()  --实例化一个游标对象
> while ( c.hasNext() ) printjson( c.next() ) --调用游标对象的方法,展示结果
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("51dfa14022b3900de099ba12"),
        "UUID" : 1,
        "RT" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:02.009Z"),
        "CT1" : "a",
        "CT2" : "b",
        "NAME" : "c",
        "AREA" : "d",
        "SE" : "e",
        "NUM" : "alarm event num",
        "EVENT" : "event name",
        "LEVEL" : "event level",
        "RULE" : "rule",
        "DURA" : 4312432,
        "APP_P" : "app-protcol",
        "TRAN_P" : "tp",
        "A_ID" : 1,
        "URL" : "",
        "U_P" : "par",
        "S_IP" : "192.168.73.66",
        "S_PT" : 1,
        "D_IP" : "192.168.73.22",
        "D_PT" : 4342,
        "MSG" : "description",
        "EN_T" : "system type",
        "EN_N" : "system name",
        "DE_IP" : "192.168.73.33",
        "C_ID" : 0.7236056630499661,
        "T_ID" : "44",
        "P_ID" : "55"
}

sh1:SECONDARY> db.me.insert({name:100});
sh1:SECONDARY> db.me.find({"name":{$gt:1}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51d57b89d8efbd65d3ff1561"), "name" : 100 }
游标json格式展示结果,比较直观,看少量文档时可以使用。

3.简单条件查询

> insertData("test","testdata",10)
50
> db.testdata.find({x:1}).forEach(printjson); --采用这种方式迭代输出游标,可以不用“it”分页显示
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d941"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe5bff5f10fd078d94b"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe6bff5f10fd078d955"), "x" : 1 }

输出前4条文档:
> db.testdata.find().limit(4).forEach(printjson);
--相当于:select * from testata where rownum<=4
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb0f"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }

从第3条记录开始,输出4行文档:
> db.testdata.find().limit(4).forEach(printjson);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb0f"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }
> db.testdata.find().skip(3).limit(4).forEach(printjson);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb13"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb14"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb15"), "x" : 6 }

4. 条件操作符过滤:

<, <=, >, >=,!=
例如,要求输出的文档中,x在1-5之间
> db.testdata.find({x:{$gte:1,$lte:5}}).forEach(printjson);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb10"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb11"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb12"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb13"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfc243a7f9bc416310bb14"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d941"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d942"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d943"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d944"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe4bff5f10fd078d945"), "x" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe5bff5f10fd078d94b"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51dfcbe5bff5f10fd078d94c"), "x" : 2 }
同理,大于是$gt,小于是$lt, 不等于是$ne

5 字段查询

> db.testdata.find({x:1},{'_id':1, 'x':1}) --select _id,x from testdata where x=1;
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }

排序

--select * from testdata where x<=2 order by _id  asc,x desc
>  db.testdata.find({x:{$lte:2}}).sort({_id:1,x:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716c"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716e"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47171"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47173"), "x" : 2 }

其他常用谓词

OR

> db.testdata.find({$or:[{x:{$lte:1}}, {x:{$gte:3}}]})db.testdata.find({$or:[{x:{$lte:1}}, {x:{$gte:3}}]})
--select * from testdata where x <=1 or  x >= 3
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716c"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716f"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b47170"), "x" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47171"), "x" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47174"), "x" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47175"), "x" : 4 }

IN

--select * from testdata where x in (1, 2)
> db.testdata.find({x:{$in:[1,2]}})db.testdata.find({x:{$in:[1,2]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716d"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583c2e78aa4298b4716e"), "x" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47172"), "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e2583f2e78aa4298b47173"), "x" : 2 }

Group by

--SELECT sum(x) FROM testdata where x!=0  GROUP BY x
>db.testdata.group({
key : {'x' : true},
cond: {'x':{$ne:0}},
reduce: function(obj,prev) { prev.sum += obj.x;},
initial: {sum : 0}
});
[
        {
                "x" : 1,
                "sum" : 2
        },
        {
                "x" : 2,
                "sum" : 4
        },
        {
                "x" : 3,
                "sum" : 6
        },
        {
                "x" : 4,
                "sum" : 8
        }
]

DISTINCT

> db.testdata.distinct('x')
[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

更新

update() 有几个参数需要注意。
db.collection.update(criteria, objNew, upsert, mult)
criteria: 需要被更新的条件表达式
objNew: 更新表达式
upsert: 如目标记录不存在,是否插入新文档。
multi: 是否更新多个文档。
-- update testdata set x = x + 10 where x in(0,1)
> db.testdata.update({x:{$in:[0,1]}},{$inc:{x:10}},false,true)

删除

> db.testdata.remove()
//移除所有

> db.testdata.remove({x:0})
//移除x='0'的行
 



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