------------------------------------------
本文系本站原创,欢迎转载!
------------------------------------------/**
* device_register - register a device with the system.
* @dev: pointer to the device structure
*
* This happens in two clean steps - initialize the device
* and add it to the system. The two steps can be called
* separately, but this is the easiest and most common.
* I.e. you should only call the two helpers separately if
* have a clearly defined need to use and refcount the device
* before it is added to the hierarchy.
*
* NOTE: _Never_ directly free @dev after calling this function, even
* if it returned an error! Always use put_device() to give up the
* reference initialized in this function instead.
*/
int device_register(struct device *dev)
{
device_initialize(dev); //初始化dev,见第1部分分析
return device_add(dev); //添加设备,这是device_register的主要工作,见第2部分分析
}
函数定义很简洁,第一步初始化dev,第二步添加设备。我们也分两部分进行分析:
1,device_initialize()
void device_initialize(struct device *dev)
{
dev->kobj.kset = devices_kset; //devices_kset = kset_create_and_add("devices", &device_uevent_ops, NULL),即devices_kset代表了/sys/devices/
kobject_init(&dev->kobj, &device_ktype); //初始化dev的kobj,这个函数在driver_register中分析过了
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->dma_pools); //初始化dev的内存池的列表
init_MUTEX(&dev->sem); //初始化信号量
spin_lock_init(&dev->devres_lock); //初始化自旋锁
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->devres_head); //初始化队列头
device_init_wakeup(dev, 0); //由其定义知初始化dev->power.can_wakeup = dev->power.should_wakeup = 0;
device_pm_init(dev); //初始化dev->power.status = DPM_ON;
set_dev_node(dev, -1); //如果配置了numa,设置dev->numa_node = -1; numa是非统一内存访问架构,一般用于服务器中,所以一般嵌入式中不使用。
}
这个dev的初始化主要是设置dev结构中的各个变量等以及对kobj的相关操作。
2,device_add()
int device_add(struct device *dev)
{
struct device *parent = NULL;
struct class_interface *class_intf;
int error = -EINVAL;
dev = get_device(dev); //主要是增加dev->kobj->kref的引用
if (!dev)
goto done;
dev->p = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev->p), GFP_KERNEL); //这里p是dev中的device_private结构,跟驱动的driver_private相似
if (!dev->p) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto done;
}
dev->p->device = dev; //将dev赋值给p的device保存
klist_init(&dev->p->klist_children, klist_children_get,
klist_children_put); //初始化p的klist_children
/*
* for statically allocated devices, which should all be converted
* some day, we need to initialize the name. We prevent reading back
* the name, and force the use of dev_name()
*/
if (dev->init_name) {
dev_set_name(dev, "%s", dev->init_name);
dev->init_name = NULL;
}
if (!dev_name(dev))
goto name_error;
pr_debug("device: '%s': %s\n", dev_name(dev), __func__);
parent = get_device(dev->parent); //得到父设备
setup_parent(dev, parent);
/* use parent numa_node */
if (parent)
set_dev_node(dev, dev_to_node(parent)); //不使用numa
/* first, register with generic layer. */
/* we require the name to be set before, and pass NULL */
error = kobject_add(&dev->kobj, dev->kobj.parent, NULL); //这个函数在driver_register中分析过了,主要将kobj添加到sys的层次中
if (error)
goto Error;
/* notify platform of device entry */
if (platform_notify)
platform_notify(dev);
error = device_create_file(dev, &uevent_attr); //在driver_register中已经分析,主要是在/sys/devices/.../中添加dev的uevent属性文件
if (error)
goto attrError;
if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
error = device_create_file(dev, &devt_attr); //主要是在sys/devices/...中添加dev属性文件
if (error)
goto ueventattrError;
error = device_create_sys_dev_entry(dev); //在/sys/dev/char/或者/sys/dev/block/创建devt的属性的连接文件,形如10:45,由主设备号和次设备号构成,指向/sys/devices/.../的具体设备目录,该链接文件只具备读属性,显示主设备号:次设备号,如10:45,用户空间udev相应uevent事件时,将根据设备号在/dev下创建节点文件
if (error)
goto devtattrError;
}
error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev); //相互创建dev和class之间的链接文件
if (error)
goto SymlinkError;
error = device_add_attrs(dev); //添加设备属性文件
if (error)
goto AttrsError;
error = bus_add_device(dev); //将设备添加到bus上,创建subsystem链接文件,链接class下的具体的子系统文件夹
if (error)
goto BusError;
error = dpm_sysfs_add(dev); //添加设备的电源管理属性,截止这里,我们的/sys/devices/.../具体设备目录下至少生成有以下四个属性文件:uevent,dev,subsystem,power,你找到了吗?
if (error)
goto DPMError;
device_pm_add(dev); //添加设备到激活设备列表中,用于电源管理
/* Notify clients of device addition. This call must come
* after dpm_sysf_add() and before kobject_uevent().
*/
if (dev->bus)
blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);//执行bus通知链上的注册函数,由设备注册上来
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD); //产生一个KOBJ_ADD的uevent事件,通过netlink机制和用户空间通信,这个driver_register中已经分析过了
bus_probe_device(dev); //去bus上找dev对应的drv,主要执行__device_attach,主要进行match,sys_add,执行probe函数和绑定等操作
if (parent)
klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_parent,
&parent->p->klist_children); //把设备添加到父设备的children列表中
if (dev->class) { //如果改dev有所属类,则将dev的添加到类的设备列表里面
mutex_lock(&dev->class->p->class_mutex);
/* tie the class to the device */
klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_class,
&dev->class->p->class_devices);
/* notify any interfaces that the device is here */
list_for_each_entry(class_intf,
&dev->class->p->class_interfaces, node)
if (class_intf->add_dev) //执行改dev的class_intf->add_dev(),这个有个好处,就是只有设备匹配注册成功了,才进行其它的注册工作(如字符设备的注册,生成/dev/***节点文件)以及部分初始化工作。
class_intf->add_dev(dev, class_intf);
mutex_unlock(&dev->class->p->class_mutex);
}
done:
put_device(dev);
return error;
DPMError:
bus_remove_device(dev);
BusError:
device_remove_attrs(dev);
AttrsError:
device_remove_class_symlinks(dev);
SymlinkError:
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
device_remove_sys_dev_entry(dev);
devtattrError:
if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
device_remove_file(dev, &devt_attr);
ueventattrError:
device_remove_file(dev, &uevent_attr);
attrError:
kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
Error:
cleanup_device_parent(dev);
if (parent)
put_device(parent);
name_error:
kfree(dev->p);
dev->p = NULL;
goto done;
}
这部分是device_register的主要工作,我们这里就不在详细分析了,相信有了driver_register分析的基础,这部分分析工作应该会变得很轻松:)