学习Python使用模块 ConfigParser 读取配置文件

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Python模块 ConfigParser 读取配置文件，有需要的朋友可以参考下。

1.读取配置文件
-read(filename) 直接读取ini文件内容
-sections() 得到所有的section，并以列表的形式返回
-options(section) 得到该section的所有option
-items(section) 得到该section的所有键值对
-get(section,option) 得到section中option的值，返回为string类型
-getint(section,option) 得到section中option的值，返回为int类型
 
2.写入配置文件
-add_section(section) 添加一个新的section
-set( section, option, value) 对section中的option进行设置
需要调用write将内容写入配置文件。
 
3.例子
test.conf
[sec_a]
a_key1 = 20
a_key2 = 10
 
[sec_b]
b_key1 = 121
b_key2 = b_value2
b_key3 = $r
b_key4 = 127.0.0.1
 
parse_test_conf.py
import ConfigParser
 
cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
 
#read config
cf.read("test.conf")
 
# return all section
secs = cf.sections()
print 'sections:', secs
 
opts = cf.options("sec_a")
print 'options:', opts
 
kvs = cf.items("sec_a")
print 'sec_a:', kvs
 
#read by type
str_val = cf.get("sec_a", "a_key1")
int_val = cf.getint("sec_a", "a_key2")
 
print "value for sec_a's a_key1:", str_val
print "value for sec_a's a_key2:", int_val
 
#write config
#update value
cf.set("sec_b", "b_key3", "new-$r")
#set a new value
cf.set("sec_b", "b_newkey", "new-value")
#create a new section
cf.add_section('a_new_section')
cf.set('a_new_section', 'new_key', 'new_value')
 
#write back to configure file
cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))
 
print
sections: ['sec_b', 'sec_a']
options: ['a_key1', 'a_key2']
sec_a: [('a_key1', "i'm value"), ('a_key2', '22')]
value for sec_a's a_key1: i'm value
value for sec_a's a_key2: 22
 
更新后的test.conf
[sec_b]
b_newkey = new-value
b_key4 = 127.0.0.1
b_key1 = 121
b_key2 = b_value2
b_key3 = new-$r
 
[sec_a]
a_key1 = i'm value
a_key2 = 22
 
[a_new_section]
new_key = new_value
 
4.可能抛出的异常
exception NoSectionError
Exception raised when a specified section is not found.
exception DuplicateSectionError
Exception raised if add_section() is called with the name of a section that is already present.
exception NoOptionError
Exception raised when a specified option is not found in the specified section.
exception InterpolationError
Base class for exceptions raised when problems occur performing string interpolation.
exception InterpolationDepthError
Exception raised when string interpolation cannot be completed because the number of iterations exceeds MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH. Subclass of InterpolationError.
exception InterpolationMissingOptionError
Exception raised when an option referenced from a value does not exist. Subclass of InterpolationError. New in version 2.3.
exception InterpolationSyntaxError
Exception raised when the source text into which substitutions are made does not conform to the required syntax. Subclass of InterpolationError. New in version 2.3.
exception MissingSectionHeaderError
Exception raised when attempting to parse a file which has no section headers.
exception ParsingError
Exception raised when errors occur attempting to parse a file.

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