有时写文档时需要将代码粘贴到word中,但直接粘贴到word中的代码虽能保持换行与缩进等格式,但在一般代码编辑工具中的关键字高亮功能却无法实现,即粘贴到word中的代码不在具有丰富的色彩。使用一款免费软件——notepad++即可实现将关键字高亮的代码粘贴到word中。
首先用notepad++打开源代码文件。notepad++能识别C/C++、Java、matlab等多种语言的源代码。选中要粘贴的代码(如果该代码文件中的所有内容均需要粘贴,则无需选中文字)。然后在选择 插件->NppExport->Copy HTML to clipboard。
然后在word中粘贴即可。
此外,关键字的颜色也可以根据自己的需求在notepad++中进行设置,设置方法:菜单->格式->语言格式设置
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也可以参考侯捷《word排版艺术》中的vba脚本
由于是代码,所以推荐中文使用宋体(注释中),而英文使用等宽字体(courier new)。
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最近我经常在word 里面写东西,发现程序代码拷贝到word 里面就没有了在代码编辑器里面的那种语法高亮的效果,感觉不爽。于是我上网搜了搜,发现目前在word 中实现语法高亮的方法主要是通过安装一个插件。由于我先天的对插件比较反感,所以自己动手,使用word 等office 软件都支持的VBA (Visual BAsic For Application) 写了一个语法高亮的宏。
这个宏的功能比较简单,就是利用得到文档中选中部分的代码,然后分词,判断该词的类别,然后着色。我现在使用的分词方法是VBA 提供的,大部分情况下和我们预期的比较一致。但是在某些情况下,比如连续的分隔符,这种分词方法会和C 语言分析器的分词结果不同的。
这个宏除了可以语法着色,还可以为代码标注行号。(听说侯捷在《word 排版艺术》一书中也有一个为代码添加行号的宏。不知道他的宏和我的宏是否雷同。如有雷同,纯属巧合:)
'script to high light code In document
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Private Function isKeyword(w) As Boolean
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Dim keys As New Collection
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With keys
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.Add " if": .Add "else": .Add "switch": .Add "case": .Add "default": .Add "break"
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.Add "goto": .Add "return": .Add "for": .Add "while": .Add "do": .Add "continue"
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.Add "typedef": .Add "sizeof": .Add "NULL": .Add "new": .Add "delete": .Add "throw"
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.Add "try": .Add "catch": .Add "namespace": .Add "operator": .Add "this": .Add "const_cast"
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.Add "static_cast": .Add "dynamic_cast": .Add "reinterpret_cast": .Add "true"
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.Add "false": .Add "null": .Add "using": .Add "typeid": .Add "and": .Add "and_eq"
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.Add "bitand": .Add "bitor": .Add "compl": .Add "not": .Add "not_eq": .Add "or"
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.Add "or_eq": .Add "xor": .Add "xor_eq"
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End With
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isKeyword = isSpecial(w, keys)
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End Function
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Private Function isSpecial(ByVal w As String, ByRef col As Collection) As Boolean
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For Each i In col
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If w = i Then
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isSpecial = True
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Exit Function
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End If
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Next
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isspeical = False
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End Function
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Private Function isOperator(w) As Boolean
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Dim ops As New Collection
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With ops
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.Add "+": .Add "-": .Add "*": .Add "/": .Add "&": .Add "^": .Add ";"
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.Add "%": .Add "#": .Add "!": .Add ":": .Add ",": .Add "."
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.Add "||": .Add "&&": .Add "|": .Add "=": .Add "++": .Add "--"
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.Add "'": .Add """"
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End With
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isOperator = isSpecial(w, ops)
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End Function
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Private Function isType(ByVal w As String) As Boolean
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Dim types As New Collection
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With types
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.Add "void": .Add "struct": .Add "union": .Add "enum": .Add "char": .Add "short": .Add "int"
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.Add "long": .Add "double": .Add "float": .Add "signed": .Add "unsigned": .Add "const": .Add "static"
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.Add "extern": .Add "auto": .Add "register": .Add "volatile": .Add "bool": .Add "class": .Add " private"
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.Add "protected": .Add "public": .Add "friend": .Add "inlIne": .Add "template": .Add "virtual"
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.Add "asm": .Add "explicit": .Add "typename"
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End With
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isType = isSpecial(w, types)
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End Function
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Sub SyntaxHighlight()
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Dim wordCount As Integer
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Dim d As Integer
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' set the style of selection
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Selection.Style = "ccode"
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d = 0
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wordCount = Selection.Words.Count
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Selection.StartOf wdWord
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While d < wordCount
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d = d + Selection.MoveRight(wdWord, 1, wdExtend)
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w = Selection.Text
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If isKeyword(Trim(w)) = True Then
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Selection.Font.Color = wdColorBlue
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ElseIf isType(Trim(w)) = True Then
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Selection.Font.Color = wdColorDarkRed
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Selection.Font.Bold = True
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ElseIf isOperator(Trim(w)) = True Then
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Selection.Font.Color = wdColorBrown
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ElseIf Trim(w) = "//" Then
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'lIne comment
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Selection.MoveEnd wdLine, 1
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commentWords = Selection.Words.Count
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d = d + commentWords
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Selection.Font.Color = wdColorGreen
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Selection.MoveStart wdWord, commentWords
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ElseIf Trim(w) = "/*" Then
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'block comment
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While Selection.Characters.Last <> "/"
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Selection.MoveLeft wdCharacter, 1, wdExtend
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Selection.MoveEndUntil ("*")
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Selection.MoveRight wdCharacter, 2, wdExtend
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Wend
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commentWords = Selection.Words.Count
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d = d + commentWords
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Selection.Font.Color = wdColorGreen
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Selection.MoveStart wdWord, commentWords
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End If
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'move the start of selection to next word
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Selection.MoveStart wdWord
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Wend
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' prepare For set lIne number
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Selection.MoveLeft wdWord, wordCount, wdExtend
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SetLIneNumber
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End Sub
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Private Sub SetLIneNumber()
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Dim lines As Integer
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lines = Selection.Paragraphs.Count
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Selection.StartOf wdParagraph
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For l = 1 To lines
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lIneNum = l & " "
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If l < 10 Then
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lIneNum = lIneNum & " "
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End If
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Selection.Text = lIneNum
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Selection.Font.Bold = False
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Selection.Font.Color = wdColorAutomatic
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p = Selection.MoveDown(wdLine, 1, wdMove)
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Selection.StartOf wdLine
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Next l
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End Sub
下面是我给出的使用说明,原文没给出使用说明。
使用方法:
1) 首先为当前文档新定义一个样式,命名为"ccode",专门用来对c代码进行格式化。由于是代码,所以推荐中文使用宋体(注释中),而英文使用等宽字体(courier new)。建立样式的步骤:在word2003中,“格式” → “新样式”
2)将上面的vba代码拷贝到文档中,步骤:在word2003中,“工具” → “宏” → ”VB编辑器“ → ”Normal工程“ → ”Microsoft Word 对象“ ,双击 ”thisDocument"对象,将上面的代码拷贝到新开的窗口中。当然你也可以把ccode样式和highlight脚本保存到normal模板中,这样以后你再写代码的时候就可以直接用了,不用自己再辛苦定义这些了。3)选定代码文本,然后执行highlight脚本: “格式” → “宏” → “宏”, 选择SyntaxHighlight宏,然后执行就可以了。如果想定制语法高亮,那么修改上面的脚本就是了。
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