移植Linux-2.6.30.4到mini2440

一、安装交叉编译器
1）交叉编译器使用CodeSourcery提供的符合EABI标准的arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.3.3交叉编译器，下载地址：


2）下载后，解压到/opt/目录：
# tar jxvf arm-2009q1-203-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 -C /opt/

3）因为/opt/arm-2009q1/bin/目录中的可执行文件均以不常用的" arm-none-linux-gnueabi- "开头，做几个arm-linux-xxx软链接以方便日后使用：

ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdbtui arm-linux-gdbtui
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-addr2line arm-linux-addr2line
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gprof arm-linux-gprof
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ar arm-linux-ar
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-as arm-linux-as
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-nm arm-linux-nm
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ld arm-linux-ld
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-c++ arm-linux-c++
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-objcopy arm-linux-objcopy
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-c++filt arm-linux-c++filt
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-cpp arm-linux-cpp
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ranlib arm-linux-ranlib
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-objdump arm-linux-objdump
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-readelf arm-linux-readelf
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-size arm-linux-size
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcov arm-linux-gcov
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-strings arm-linux-strings
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdb arm-linux-gdb
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-strip arm-linux-strip
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-sprite arm-linux-sprite

4）同时在/opt/arm-2009q1/bin/目录建立如下三个脚本：
脚本arm-linux-g++的内容：

#!/bin/sh
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-g++ -march=armv4t $*

脚本arm-linux-gcc的内容：

#!/bin/sh
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -march=armv4t $*

脚本arm-linux-gcc-4.3.3的内容：

#!/bin/sh
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.3.3 -march=armv4t $*

5）为以上三个脚本加上可执行属性：
# chmod +x arm-linux-g++
# chmod +x arm-linux-gcc
# chmod +x arm-linux-gcc-4.3.3

6）输出交叉编译器的可执行文件的路径到PATH环境变量：
# export PATH=/opt/arm-2009q1/bin:$PATH

以后要用到arm-linux-gcc-4.3.3交叉编译器时都应该先在终端上执行上面一句！

7）查看是否安装成功：
# arm-linux-gcc -v
如果成功的话，可以看到如下信息：

Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-none-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: /scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/src/gcc-4.3/configure --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --enable-threads --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-specs='%{funwind-tables|fno-unwind-tables|mabi=*|ffreestanding|nostdlib:;:-funwind-tables}' --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-shared --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-__cxa_atexit --with-pkgversion='Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-203' --with-bugurl=https://support.codesourcery.com/GNUToolchain/ --disable-nls --prefix=/opt/codesourcery --with-sysroot=/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-build-sysroot=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-gmp=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/obj/host-libs-2009q1-203-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-mpfr=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/obj/host-libs-2009q1-203-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --disable-libgomp --enable-poison-system-directories --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-203)

二、准备源码包
1）Linux 2.6.30.4的下载地址：


2）yaffs2文件系统的下载地址：

点击Download GNU tarball，下载cvs-root.tar.gz

请把linux-2.6.30.4.tar.bz2和cvs-root.tar.gz放在同一目录内！


三、移植内核
1）解压内核源码包
# tar jxvf linux-2.6.30.4.tar.bz2

2）进入内核目录
# cd linux-2.6.30.4

3）修改顶层Makefile
# gedit Makefile
在193行
ARCH  ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE  ?=
修改为
ARCH  ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE  ?= /opt/arm-2009q1/bin/arm-linux-

4）修改机器码
# gedit arch/arm/tools/mach-types
在379行
s3c2440            ARCH_S3C2440        S3C2440            362
修改为
s3c2440            ARCH_S3C2440        S3C2440            782
与supervivi传入的机器码参数一致即可！

5）修改时钟频率
# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c
在160行

static void __init smdk2440_map_io(void)
{
    s3c24xx_init_io(smdk2440_iodesc, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_iodesc));
    //s3c24xx_init_clocks(16934400); //注释这句，加入下一句
    s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
    s3c24xx_init_uarts(smdk2440_uartcfgs, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_uartcfgs));
}

6）修改Nand Flash分区
# gedit arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c
在109行

static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {
    [0] = {
        .name = "supervivi",
        .size = 0x00030000,
        .offset = 0,
    },
    [1] = {
        .name = "Kernel",
        .offset = 0x00050000,
        .size = 0x00200000,
    },
    [2] = {
        .name = "root",
        .offset = 0x00250000,
        .size = 0x03dac000,
    }
};

四、配置内核
# cp arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig .config
# make menuconfig
机器类型只选以下三项：

System Type ---> S3C2410 Machines ---> [*] SMDK2410/A9M2410
                 S3C2440 Machines ---> [*] SMDK2440
                                       [*] SMDK2440 with S3C2440 CPU module

内核特性加上以下两项：

Kernel Features ---> [*] Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel
                     [*] Allow old ABI binaries to run with this(EXPERIMENTA) kernel

如果你想了解每个配置选项的意义，请点击：Linux 2.6.19.x 内核编译配置选项简介

五、编译内核
# make zImage


六、下载、烧写内核镜像
先使用友善之臂公司提供的yaffs2根文件系统镜像做测试，可以运行到这里：

FAT: unable to read boot sector
VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock2" or unknown-block(31,2)
Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
1f00 192 mtdblock0 (driver?)
1f01 2048 mtdblock1 (driver?)
1f02 63152 mtdblock2 (driver?)
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)
[<c002c700>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xdc) from [<c02a7d2c>] (panic+0x40/0x110)
[<c02a7d2c>] (panic+0x40/0x110) from [<c0008fcc>] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210)
[<c0008fcc>] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210) from [<c0009264>] (prepare_namespac)
[<c0009264>] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc) from [<c0008598>] (kernel_init+0xb)
[<c0008598>] (kernel_init+0xb4/0xe0) from [<c004812c>] (do_exit+0x0/0x578)
[<c004812c>] (do_exit+0x0/0x578) from [<00000001>] (0x1)

七、加入对yaffs2文件系统的支持
1）回到上级目录
# cd ..

2）解压yaffs2文件系统源码包
# tar zxvf cvs-root.tar.gz

3）进入yaffs2源码目录
# cd cvs/yaffs2

4）打补丁
# ./patch-ker.sh c ../../linux-2.6.30.4
Updating ../../linux-2.6.30.4/fs/Kconfig
Updating ../../linux-2.6.30.4/fs/Makefile

5）回到内核目录
# cd ../../linux-2.6.30.4

6）重新配置
# make menuconfig
选上以下一项：

File systems ---> [*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---> <*> YAFFS2 file system support


7）重新编译内核
# make zImage


八、重新下载、烧写内核镜像

yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 120K
mount: mounting /dev/sda2 on /opt failed: No such file or directory
mkdir: cannot create directory '/udisk': File exists
mount: mounting /dev/sda1 on /udisk failed: No such file or directory
                                                                               
Please press Enter to activate this console.
[root@jjx /]#

成功进入控制台，内核算是移植成功了～～

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