最近在看LDD3和ULK，学习kernel中块设备的驱动机制，kernel 2.6中block layer API已经变更了许多，主要有以下几点：
1. 对于request的请求处理机制，去除掉了原先的elv_next_request和blk_dequeue_request结构，取而代之的是blk_peek_request和blk_start_request，详见如下链接()。
2.对于block_device_operations中相关成员的修改，详见如下链接（）。
3.对于与bio相关的操作宏的修改，去掉了bio_cur_sectors.
由于以上的修改，LDD3中示例的sbull驱动无法使用，下面是我针对2.6.31的内核对sbull驱动进行修改后的源码。
/*
* Sample disk driver, from the beginning.
* Ported to kernel v2.6.31 by casualfish. 2010.7.20
*/
#include
#include
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#include
#include
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#include
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
static int sbull_major = 0;
module_param(sbull_major, int, 0);
static int hardsect_size = 512;
module_param(hardsect_size, int, 0);
static int nsectors = 1024; /* How big the drive is */
module_param(nsectors, int, 0);
static int ndevices = 4;
module_param(ndevices, int, 0);
/*
* The different "request modes" we can use.
*/
enum {
RM_SIMPLE = 0, /* The extra-simple request function */
RM_FULL = 1, /* The full-blown version */
RM_NOQUEUE = 2, /* Use make_request */
};
static int request_mode = RM_SIMPLE;
module_param(request_mode, int, 0);
/*
* Minor number and partition management.
*/
#define SBULL_MINORS 16
#define MINOR_SHIFT 4
#define DEVNUM(kdevnum) (MINOR(kdev_t_to_nr(kdevnum)) >> MINOR_SHIFT
/*
* We can tweak our hardware sector size, but the kernel talks to us
* in terms of small sectors, always.
*/
#define KERNEL_SECTOR_SIZE 512
/*
* After this much idle time, the driver will simulate a media change.
*/
#define INVALIDATE_DELAY 30*HZ
/*
* The internal representation of our device.
*/
struct sbull_dev {
int size; /* Device size in sectors */
u8 *data; /* The data array */
short users; /* How many users */
short media_change; /* Flag a media change? */
spinlock_t lock; /* For mutual exclusion */
struct request_queue *queue; /* The device request queue */
struct gendisk *gd; /* The gendisk structure */
struct timer_list timer; /* For simulated media changes */
};
static struct sbull_dev *Devices = NULL;
/*
* Handle an I/O request, in sectors.
*/
static void sbull_transfer(struct sbull_dev *dev, unsigned long sector,
unsigned long nsect, char *buffer, int write)
{
unsigned long offset = sector*KERNEL_SECTOR_SIZE;
unsigned long nbytes = nsect*KERNEL_SECTOR_SIZE;
if ((offset + nbytes) > dev->size) {
printk (KERN_NOTICE "Beyond-end write (%ld %ld)\n", offset, nbytes);
return;
}
if (write)
memcpy(dev->data + offset, buffer, nbytes);
else
memcpy(buffer, dev->data + offset, nbytes);
}
/*
* The simple form of the request function.
*/
static void sbull_request(struct request_queue *q)
{
struct request *req;
req = blk_fetch_request(q);
while (req != NULL) {
struct sbull_dev *dev = req->rq_disk->private_data;
if (! blk_fs_request(req)) {
printk (KERN_NOTICE "Skip non-fs request\n");
__blk_end_request_all(req, -EIO);
continue;
}
// printk (KERN_NOTICE "Req dev %d dir %ld sec %ld, nr %d f %lx\n",
// dev - Devices, rq_data_dir(req),
// req->sector, req->current_nr_sectors,
// req->flags);
sbull_transfer(dev, blk_rq_pos(req), blk_rq_cur_sectors(req), req->buffer, rq_data_dir(req));
/* end_request(req, 1); */
if(!__blk_end_request_cur(req, 0)) {
req = blk_fetch_request(q);
}
}
}
/*
* Transfer a single BIO.
*/
static int sbull_xfer_bio(struct sbull_dev *dev, struct bio *bio)
{
int i;
struct bio_vec *bvec;
sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector;
/* Do each segment independently. */
bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, i) {
char *buffer = __bio_kmap_atomic(bio, i, KM_USER0);
sbull_transfer(dev, sector, bio_cur_bytes(bio)>>9 /* in sectors */,
buffer, bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE);
sector += bio_cur_bytes(bio)>>9; /* in sectors */
__bio_kunmap_atomic(bio, KM_USER0);
}
return 0; /* Always "succeed" */
}
/*
* Transfer a full request.
*/
static int sbull_xfer_request(struct sbull_dev *dev, struct request *req)
{
struct bio *bio;
int nsect = 0;
__rq_for_each_bio(bio, req) {
sbull_xfer_bio(dev, bio);
nsect += bio->bi_size/KERNEL_SECTOR_SIZE;
}
return nsect;
}
/*
* Smarter request function that "handles clustering".
*/
static void sbull_full_request(struct request_queue *q)
{
struct request *req;
int sectors_xferred;
struct sbull_dev *dev = q->queuedata;
req = blk_fetch_request(q);
while (req != NULL) {
if (! blk_fs_request(req)) {
printk (KERN_NOTICE "Skip non-fs request\n");
__blk_end_request_all(req, -EIO);
continue;
}
sectors_xferred = sbull_xfer_request(dev, req);
if (!__blk_end_request_cur(req, 0)) {
blk_fetch_request(q);
}
}
}
/*
* The direct make request version.
*/
static int sbull_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
{
struct sbull_dev *dev = q->queuedata;
int status;
status = sbull_xfer_bio(dev, bio);
bio_endio(bio, status);
return 0;
}
/*
* Open and close.
*/
static int sbull_open(struct block_device *device, fmode_t mode)
{
struct sbull_dev *dev = device->bd_disk->private_data;
del_timer_sync(&dev->timer);
/* filp->private_data = dev;*/
spin_lock(&dev->lock);
if (! dev->users)
check_disk_change(device);
dev->users++;
spin_unlock(&dev->lock);
return 0;
}
static int sbull_release(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode)
{
struct sbull_dev *dev = disk->private_data;
spin_lock(&dev->lock);
dev->users--;
if (!dev->users) {
dev->timer.expires = jiffies + INVALIDATE_DELAY;
add_timer(&dev->timer);
}
spin_unlock(&dev->lock);
return 0;
}
/*
* Look for a (simulated) media change.
*/
int sbull_media_changed(struct gendisk *gd)
{
struct sbull_dev *dev = gd->private_data;
return dev->media_change;
}
/*
* Revalidate. WE DO NOT TAKE THE LOCK HERE, for fear of deadlocking
* with open. That needs to be reevaluated.
*/
int sbull_revalidate(struct gendisk *gd)
{
struct sbull_dev *dev = gd->private_data;
if (dev->media_change) {
dev->media_change = 0;
memset (dev->data, 0, dev->size);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* The "invalidate" function runs out of the device timer; it sets
* a flag to simulate the removal of the media.
*/
void sbull_invalidate(unsigned long ldev)
{
struct sbull_dev *dev = (struct sbull_dev *) ldev;
spin_lock(&dev->lock);
if (dev->users || !dev->data)
printk (KERN_WARNING "sbull: timer sanity check failed\n");
else
dev->media_change = 1;
spin_unlock(&dev->lock);
}
/*
* The ioctl() implementation
*/
int sbull_ioctl (struct block_device *device, fmode_t mode,
unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
long size;
struct hd_geometry geo;
struct sbull_dev *dev = device->bd_disk->private_data;
switch(cmd) {
case HDIO_GETGEO:
/*
* Get geometry: since we are a virtual device, we have to make
* up something plausible. So we claim 16 sectors, four heads,
* and calculate the corresponding number of cylinders. We set the
* start of data at sector four.
*/
size = dev->size*(hardsect_size/KERNEL_SECTOR_SIZE);
geo.cylinders = (size & ~0x3f) >> 6;
geo.heads = 4;
geo.sectors = 16;
geo.start = 4;
if (copy_to_user((void __user *) arg, &geo, sizeof(geo)))
return -EFAULT;
return 0;
}
return -ENOTTY; /* unknown command */
}
/*
* The device operations structure.
*/
static struct block_device_operations sbull_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = sbull_open,
.release = sbull_release,
.media_changed = sbull_media_changed,
.revalidate_disk = sbull_revalidate,
.ioctl = sbull_ioctl
};
/*
* Set up our internal device.
*/
static void setup_device(struct sbull_dev *dev, int which)
{
/*
* Get some memory.
*/
memset (dev, 0, sizeof (struct sbull_dev));
dev->size = nsectors*hardsect_size;
dev->data = vmalloc(dev->size);
if (dev->data == NULL) {
printk (KERN_NOTICE "vmalloc failure.\n");
return;
}
spin_lock_init(&dev->lock);
/*
* The timer which "invalidates" the device.
*/
init_timer(&dev->timer);
dev->timer.data = (unsigned long) dev;
dev->timer.function = sbull_invalidate;
/*
* The I/O queue, depending on whether we are using our own
* make_request function or not.
*/
switch (request_mode) {
case RM_NOQUEUE:
dev->queue = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL);
if (dev->queue == NULL)
goto out_vfree;
blk_queue_make_request(dev->queue, sbull_make_request);
break;
case RM_FULL:
dev->queue = blk_init_queue(sbull_full_request, &dev->lock);
if (dev->queue == NULL)
goto out_vfree;
break;
default:
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Bad request mode %d, using simple\n", request_mode);
/* fall into.. */
case RM_SIMPLE:
dev->queue = blk_init_queue(sbull_request, &dev->lock);
if (dev->queue == NULL)
goto out_vfree;
break;
}
blk_queue_logical_block_size(dev->queue, hardsect_size);
dev->queue->queuedata = dev;
/*
* And the gendisk structure.
*/
dev->gd = alloc_disk(SBULL_MINORS);
if (! dev->gd) {
printk (KERN_NOTICE "alloc_disk failure\n");
goto out_vfree;
}
dev->gd->major = sbull_major;
dev->gd->first_minor = which*SBULL_MINORS;
dev->gd->fops = &sbull_ops;
dev->gd->queue = dev->queue;
dev->gd->private_data = dev;
snprintf (dev->gd->disk_name, 32, "sbull%c", which + 'a');
set_capacity(dev->gd, nsectors*(hardsect_size/KERNEL_SECTOR_SIZE));
add_disk(dev->gd);
return;
out_vfree:
if (dev->data)
vfree(dev->data);
}
static int __init sbull_init(void)
{
int i;
/*
* Get registered.
*/
sbull_major = register_blkdev(sbull_major, "sbull");
if (sbull_major <= 0) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "sbull: unable to get major number\n");
return -EBUSY;
}
/*
* Allocate the device array, and initialize each one.
*/
Devices = kmalloc(ndevices*sizeof (struct sbull_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (Devices == NULL)
goto out_unregister;
for (i = 0; i < ndevices; i++)
setup_device(Devices + i, i);
return 0;
out_unregister:
unregister_blkdev(sbull_major, "sbd");
return -ENOMEM;
}
static void sbull_exit(void)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < ndevices; i++) {
struct sbull_dev *dev = Devices + i;
del_timer_sync(&dev->timer);
if (dev->gd) {
del_gendisk(dev->gd);
put_disk(dev->gd);
}
if (dev->queue)
blk_cleanup_queue(dev->queue);
if (dev->data)
vfree(dev->data);
}
unregister_blkdev(sbull_major, "sbull");
kfree(Devices);
}
module_init(sbull_init);
module_exit(sbull_exit);
以下是测试结果：
ls -lh
total 80K
-rw-rw-r-- 1 casualfish casualfish 12K 2010-07-21 12:10 alice
[root@hitwh ~]# uname -a
Linux hitwh.edu.cn 2.6.31.1 #1 SMP Thu Oct 29 12:52:36 CST 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@hitwh ~]# dd if=/home/casualfish/alice of=/dev/sbulla bs=512 count=2
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 4.854e-05 s, 21.1 MB/s
[root@hitwh ~]# dd if=/dev/sbulla of=/home/casualfish/file bs=512 count=2
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000196812 s, 5.2 MB/s