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2012-11-21 09:45:58
安装在设备中的每一个Android包文件(.apk)都会被分配到一个属于自己的统一的Linux用户ID,并且为它创建一个沙箱,以防止影响其他应用程序(或者其他应用程序影响它)。用户ID 在应用程序安装到设备中时被分配,并且在这个设备中保持它的永久性。
通过Shared User id,拥有同一个User id的多个APK可以配置成运行在同一个进程中.所以默认就是可以互相访问任意数据. 也可以配置成运行成不同的进程, 同时可以访问其他APK的数据目录下的数据库和文件.就像访问本程序的数据一样.
对于一个APK来说,如果要使用某个共享UID的话,必须做三步:
1、在Manifest节点中增加android:sharedUserId属性。
2、在Android.mk中增加LOCAL_CERTIFICATE的定义。
如果增加了上面的属性但没有定义与之对应的LOCAL_CERTIFICATE的话,APK是安装不上去的。提示错误是:Package com.test.MyTest has no signatures that match those in shared user android.uid.system; ignoring!也就是说,仅有相同签名和相同sharedUserID标签的两个应用程序签名都会被分配相同的用户ID。例如所有和media/download相关的APK都使用android.media作为sharedUserId的话,那么它们必须有相同的签名media。
3、把APK的源码放到packages/apps/目录下,用mm进行编译。
举例说明一下。
系统中所有使用android.uid.system作为共享UID的APK,都会首先在manifest节点中增加android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system",然后在Android.mk中增加LOCAL_CERTIFICATE := platform。可以参见Settings等
系统中所有使用android.uid.shared作为共享UID的APK,都会在manifest节点中增加android:sharedUserId="android.uid.shared",然后在Android.mk中增加LOCAL_CERTIFICATE := shared。可以参见Launcher等
系统中所有使用android.media作为共享UID的APK,都会在manifest节点中增加android:sharedUserId="android.media",然后在Android.mk中增加LOCAL_CERTIFICATE := media。可以参见Gallery等。
另外,应用创建的任何文件都会被赋予应用的用户标识,并且正常情况下不能被其他包访问。当通过getSharedPreferences(String,int)、openFileOutput(String、int)或者openOrCreate Database(String、int、SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory)创建一个新文件时,开发者可以同时或分别使用MODE_WORLD_READABLE和MODE_WORLD_RITEABLE标志允许其他包读/写此文件。当设置了这些标志后,这个文件仍然属于自己的应用程序,但是它的全局读/写和读/写权限已经设置,所以其他任何应用程序可以看到它。
Value | Meaning |
---|---|
"normal" | The default value. A lower-risk permission that gives requesting applications access to isolated application-level features, with minimal risk to other applications, the system, or the user. The system automatically grants this type of permission to a requesting application at installation, without asking for the user's explicit approval (though the user always has the option to review these permissions before installing). |
"dangerous" | A higher-risk permission that would give a requesting application access to private user data or control over the device that can negatively impact the user. Because this type of permission introduces potential risk, the system may not automatically grant it to the requesting application. For example, any dangerous permissions requested by an application may be displayed to the user and require confirmation before proceeding, or some other approach may be taken to avoid the user automatically allowing the use of such facilities. |
"signature" | A permission that the system grants only if the requesting application is signed with the same certificate as the application that declared the permission. If the certificates match, the system automatically grants the permission without notifying the user or asking for the user's explicit approval. |
"signatureOrSystem" | A permission that the system grants only to applications that are in the Android system image or that are signed with the same certificate as the application that declared the permission. Please avoid using this option, as the signature protection level should be sufficient for most needs and works regardless of exactly where applications are installed. The "signatureOrSystem" permission is used for certain special situations where multiple vendors have applications built into a system image and need to share specific features explicitly because they are being built together. |