我是一只小白兔~
分类: LINUX
2016-11-10 09:58:17
1.${variable:-word}
${variable:-word} 如果variable已经被设置了,且不为空,则代入它的值,否则代入word;
$ fruit=peach
$ echo ${fruit:-plum}
peach
$ echo ${newfruit:-apple}
apple
2.${variable:=word}
${variable:=word}如果variable已经被设置且不为空,则代入它的值,否则代入word,并且在后面variable始终为word的值。位置参量不能用这种方式赋值。
$ name=
$ echo ${name:=peter}
peter
$ echo $name
peter
3.${variable:+word}
${variable:+word} 如果变量variable已被设置且值为非空,代入word值,否则什么也不代入,
$ foo=grapes
$ echo ${foo:+pears}
pears
$ echo $foo
grapes
4. ${variable:?word}
${variable:?word} 如果变量variable已被设置值且为非空,就代入它的值,否则输出word并从shell中退出,如果有省略了word,就会显示信息:parameter null or not set.
$ echo ${namex:?"namex is undefined"}
namex: namex is undefined
5.$ echo ${y?]
$ echo ${y?]
y: parameter null or not set
6.${variable:offset}
${variable:offset} 获得变量从variable值中位置从offset开始的子串,偏移为从0到串尾。
${variable:offset:length} 获得variable值位置从offset开始长度为length的子串。
$var=notebook
$ echo ${var:0:4}
note
$ echo ${var:4:4]
book