1、主机环境：VMare下10.04 ，1G内存。
2、编译编译环境：arm-linux-gcc
3、开发板：Micro2440，2M nor flash，256M nand flash。
4、u-boot-version：u-boot-2010.06
5、linux -version：Linux-2.6.39
一、下载并解压内核源码
a)在命令行终端中可以通过下列方式下载，当然用其它下载工具下载
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/#cd ../Linux
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# wget
b)解压源码
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux#
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# tar zxvf linux-2.6.39.tar.gz
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# ls
linux-2.6.32.2 linux-2.6.36.2.tar.gz linux-2.6.39 linux-2.6.39.tar.gz
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# cd linux-2.6.39
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#
c)指定交叉编译器
移植目的让 Linux-2.6.39 可以在mini2440 上运行。首先,使得Linux-2.6.39的缺省目标平台成为ARM 的平台,修改主目录下的Makefile。
用vi打开Makefile,定位到196行，修改如下：
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39# vi Makefile
# Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
# Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile
export KBUILD_BUILDHOST := $(SUBARCH)
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
# Architecture as present in compile.h
UTS_MACHINE := $(ARCH)
SRCARCH := $(ARCH)
修改完成后退出保存
/********************************************************************************************************************************/
d)创建目标平台
个性移植从SMDK2440到eilian240
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#cd arch/arm/mach-s3c2440
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c2440#cp mach-smd2440.c mach-eilian240.c
将mach-eilian240.c文件中的所有smdk2440改成eilian240
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c2440#vi mach-eilian240.c
操作如下：在vi的命令模式下输入
修改mach-s3c2440目录下的Makefile,打开Makefile定位到38行做如下修改
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_ANUBIS) += mach-anubis.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_OSIRIS) += mach-osiris.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_RX3715) += mach-rx3715.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2440) += mach-smdk2440.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_NEXCODER_2440) += mach-nexcoder.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_AT2440EVB) += mach-at2440evb.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_MINI2440) += mach-mini2440.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_NEO1973_GTA02) += mach-gta02.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_RX1950) += mach-rx1950.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_MINI2440) += mach-eilian240.o #为何这样修改呢?后面慢慢解释
修改mach-s3c2440目录下的Kconfig 添加如下代码
config MACH_MINI2440
bool "MINI2440 development board"
select CPU_S3C2440
select EEPROM_AT24
select NEW_LEDS
select LEDS_CLASS
select LEDS_TRIGGER
select LEDS_TRIGGER_BACKLIGHT
select S3C_DEV_NAND
select S3C_DEV_USB_HOST
help
Say Y here to select support for the MINI2440. Is a 10cm x 10cm board
available via various sources. It can come with a 3.5" or 7" touch LCD.
config MACH_EILIAN240
bool "eilian240 development board"
select CPU_S3C2440
select EEPROM_AT24
select NEW_LEDS
select LEDS_CLASS
select LEDS_TRIGGER
select LEDS_TRIGGER_BACKLIGHT
select S3C_DEV_NAND
select S3C_DEV_USB_HOST
help
Say Y here to select support for the eilian240. Is a 10cm x 10cm board
available via various sources. It can come with a 3.5" or 7" touch LCD.
这样修改之后在选择配置缺省文件的时候直接选择mini2440_defconfig了
除此之外，还有一个地方需要改动，在eilian240_machine_init(void)函数中，把smdk_machine_init()函数调用注释掉，因为我们后面会编写自己的初始化函数，不需要调用smdk2440 原来的,同时修改时钟频率,修改如下：
static void __init eilian240_machine_init(void)
{
s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(&eilian240_fb_info);
s3c_i2c0_set_platdata(NULL);
s3c_nand_set_platdata(&eilian240_nand_info);
platform_add_devices(eilian240_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(eilian240_devices));
// smdk_machine_init();
}
修改时钟频率
static void __init eilian240_map_io(void)
{
s3c24xx_init_io(eilian240_iodesc, ARRAY_SIZE(eilian240_iodesc));
s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
s3c24xx_init_uarts(eilian240_uartcfgs, ARRAY_SIZE(eilian240_uartcfgs));
}
e)关于机器码
首先，很关键的一点，内核在启动时，是通过bootloader 传入的机器码(MACH_TYPE)确定应启动哪种目标平台的。
打开/arch/arm/tools/mach-types 定位到最后一行添加机器码(深蓝色部分)：
ctbu_gen2 MACH_CTBU_GEN2 CTBU_GEN2 3410
kmp_am17_01 MACH_KMP_AM17_01 KMP_AM17_01 3411
wtplug MACH_WTPLUG WTPLUG 3412
mx27su2 MACH_MX27SU2 MX27SU2 3413
nb31 MACH_NB31 NB31 3414
hjsdu MACH_HJSDU HJSDU 3415
td3_rev1 MACH_TD3_REV1 TD3_REV1 3416
eag_ci4000 MACH_EAG_CI4000 EAG_CI4000 3417
net5big_nand_v2 MACH_NET5BIG_NAND_V2 NET5BIG_NAND_V2 3418
cpx2 MACH_CPX2 CPX2 3419
net2big_nand_v2 MACH_NET2BIG_NAND_V2 NET2BIG_NAND_V2 3420
ecuv5 MACH_ECUV5 ECUV5 3421
hsgx6d MACH_HSGX6D HSGX6D 3422
dawad7 MACH_DAWAD7 DAWAD7 3423
sam9repeater MACH_SAM9REPEATER SAM9REPEATER 3424
eilian240 MACH_EILIAN240 EILIAN240 8000
在u-boot-2010.06/arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h 中定义相对应的机器码,这里注意这个机器码是我自己移植UBOOT的时候定义的
#define MACH_TYPE_CAYENNE 2874
#define MACH_TYPE_FUJI 2875
#define MACH_TYPE_SYNOLOGY_6282 2876
#define MACH_TYPE_EM1SY 2877
#define MACH_TYPE_M502 2878
#define MACH_TYPE_MATRIX518 2879
#define MACH_TYPE_TINY_GURNARD 2880
#define MACH_TYPE_SPEAR1310 2881
#define MACH_TYPE_EILIAN240 8000
这需要两者相匹配，如果内核的机器码和bootloader 传入的不匹配，就会经常出现下面的错误：
Uncompressing
Linux.................................................................................................................................
done, booting
the kernel. 不动了
接着修改linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/eilian240.c定位到文件末尾处
MACHINE_START(EILIAN240, "eilian240 development board")
notes：开发板运行后，在命令行终端输入：cat /proc/cpuinfo 可以看到我们添加的开发板信息，当然这个信息可以定制成我们需要的信息。
f)内核配置菜单中的MINI2440 选项和实际代码是如何关联的
在开始移植其他驱动之前，了解一些看起来比较“神秘”的常识，那就是运行make menuconfig 时，内核配置菜单中的MINI2440 选项是如何出现的。
加载缺省文件因为在x86平台下下执行此操作,系统默认的是x86平台,操作如下：
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#cp arch/arm/configs/mini2440_defconfig .config
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make menuconfig
出现下图所示内核配置根菜单
按上下箭头键移动到 System Type，按回车进入该子菜单，如图
再找到S3C2440 Machines，按回车进入该子菜单，如图
这样明白上面修改Linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/目录下的Makefile和Kconfig为什么那样修改了吧。。
再打开 Linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/Kconfig 看看
config MACH_EILIAN240
bool "eilian240 development board"
select CPU_S3C2440
select EEPROM_AT24
select NEW_LEDS
select LEDS_CLASS
select LEDS_TRIGGER
select LEDS_TRIGGER_BACKLIGHT
select S3C_DEV_NAND
select S3C_DEV_USB_HOST
help
Say Y here to select support for the eilian240. Is a 10cm x 10cm board
available via various sources. It can come with a 3.5" or 7" touch LCD.
现在明白了吧“eilian240 development board”正是在这个Kconfig 文件中定义说明的，当然你可以根据自己的喜好改为其他显示信息。这里的显示信息只是在内核配置菜单中出现的,记住“要让选择的配置实际起效，还需要根据此配置在Makefile 中添加相应的代码文件”再次打开Makefile看看：
# Machine support
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_ANUBIS) += mach-anubis.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_OSIRIS) += mach-osiris.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_RX3715) += mach-rx3715.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2440) += mach-smdk2440.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_NEXCODER_2440) += mach-nexcoder.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_AT2440EVB) += mach-at2440evb.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_MINI2440) += mach-mini2440.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_NEO1973_GTA02) += mach-gta02.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_RX1950) += mach-rx1950.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_EILIAN240) += mach-eilian240.o
# extra machine support
这样，配置文件就跟实际的代码文件通过配置定义联系在一起了，这里的配置定义是“CONFIG_MACH_EILIAN240”，内核中还有很多类似的配置定义，并且有的配置定义还存在依赖关系，我们在此就不对它们详细说明了，随着对内核代码结构的不断熟悉，你就会逐渐学会分析和查找你所需要的各种配置和定义等。
g)移植Nand 驱动并更改分区信息(我总感觉NANDFLASH是linux设备驱动中比较复杂的了)
g.1:了解释内核已经支持的NANDFLASH类型
Linux2.6.39 已经自带了大部分Nand Flash 驱动，在linux-2.6.39/drivers/mtd/nand/nand_ids.c 文件中，定义了所支持的各种Nand Flash 类型
struct nand_flash_dev nand_flash_ids[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_NAND_MUSEUM_IDS
{"NAND 1MiB 5V 8-bit", 0x6e, 256, 1, 0x1000, 0},
{"NAND 2MiB 5V 8-bit", 0x64, 256, 2, 0x1000, 0},
{"NAND 4MiB 5V 8-bit", 0x6b, 512, 4, 0x2000, 0},
{"NAND 1MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xe8, 256, 1, 0x1000, 0},
{"NAND 1MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xec, 256, 1, 0x1000, 0},
{"NAND 2MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xea, 256, 2, 0x1000, 0},
{"NAND 4MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xd5, 512, 4, 0x2000, 0},
{"NAND 4MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xe3, 512, 4, 0x2000, 0},
{"NAND 4MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xe5, 512, 4, 0x2000, 0},
{"NAND 8MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xd6, 512, 8, 0x2000, 0},
{"NAND 8MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x39, 512, 8, 0x2000, 0},
{"NAND 8MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xe6, 512, 8, 0x2000, 0},
{"NAND 8MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x49, 512, 8, 0x2000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 8MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x59, 512, 8, 0x2000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
#endif
{"NAND 16MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x33, 512, 16, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 16MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x73, 512, 16, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 16MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x43, 512, 16, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 16MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x53, 512, 16, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 32MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x35, 512, 32, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x75, 512, 32, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 32MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x45, 512, 32, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 32MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x55, 512, 32, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 64MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x36, 512, 64, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x76, 512, 64, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 64MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x46, 512, 64, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 64MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x56, 512, 64, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 128MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x78, 512, 128, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 128MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x39, 512, 128, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x79, 512, 128, 0x4000, 0},
{"NAND 128MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x72, 512, 128, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 128MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x49, 512, 128, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 128MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x74, 512, 128, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 128MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x59, 512, 128, 0x4000, NAND_BUSWIDTH_16},
{"NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x71, 512, 256, 0x4000, 0},
/*
* These are the new chips with large page size. The pagesize and the
* erasesize is determined from the extended id bytes,对于我们的是大页的NANDFLASH
*/
#define LP_OPTIONS (NAND_SAMSUNG_LP_OPTIONS | NAND_NO_READRDY | NAND_NO_AUTOINCR)
#define LP_OPTIONS16 (LP_OPTIONS | NAND_BUSWIDTH_16)
/*512 Megabit */
{"NAND 64MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xA2, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 64MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xA0, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xF2, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xD0, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 64MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xB2, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 64MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xB0, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 64MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xC2, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 64MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xC0, 0, 64, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 1 Gigabit */
{"NAND 128MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xA1, 0, 128, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xF1, 0, 128, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xD1, 0, 128, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 128MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xB1, 0, 128, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 128MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xC1, 0, 128, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 128MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xAD, 0, 128, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 2 Gigabit */
{"NAND 256MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xAA, 0, 256, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xDA, 0, 256, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 256MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xBA, 0, 256, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 256MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xCA, 0, 256, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 4 Gigabit */
{"NAND 512MiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xAC, 0, 512, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 512MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xDC, 0, 512, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 512MiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xBC, 0, 512, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 512MiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xCC, 0, 512, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 8 Gigabit */
{"NAND 1GiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xA3, 0, 1024, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 1GiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xD3, 0, 1024, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 1GiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xB3, 0, 1024, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 1GiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xC3, 0, 1024, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 16 Gigabit */
{"NAND 2GiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xA5, 0, 2048, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 2GiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xD5, 0, 2048, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 2GiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xB5, 0, 2048, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 2GiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xC5, 0, 2048, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 32 Gigabit */
{"NAND 4GiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xA7, 0, 4096, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 4GiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xD7, 0, 4096, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 4GiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xB7, 0, 4096, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 4GiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xC7, 0, 4096, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 64 Gigabit */
{"NAND 8GiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0xAE, 0, 8192, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 8GiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0xDE, 0, 8192, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 8GiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0xBE, 0, 8192, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 8GiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0xCE, 0, 8192, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 128 Gigabit */
{"NAND 16GiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x1A, 0, 16384, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 16GiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x3A, 0, 16384, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 16GiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x2A, 0, 16384, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 16GiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x4A, 0, 16384, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 256 Gigabit */
{"NAND 32GiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x1C, 0, 32768, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 32GiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x3C, 0, 32768, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 32GiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x2C, 0, 32768, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 32GiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x4C, 0, 32768, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/* 512 Gigabit */
{"NAND 64GiB 1,8V 8-bit", 0x1E, 0, 65536, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 64GiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x3E, 0, 65536, 0, LP_OPTIONS},
{"NAND 64GiB 1,8V 16-bit", 0x2E, 0, 65536, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
{"NAND 64GiB 3,3V 16-bit", 0x4E, 0, 65536, 0, LP_OPTIONS16},
/*
* Renesas AND 1 Gigabit. Those chips do not support extended id and
* have a strange page/block layout ! The chosen minimum erasesize is
* 4 * 2 * 2048 = 16384 Byte, as those chips have an array of 4 page
* planes 1 block = 2 pages, but due to plane arrangement the blocks
* 0-3 consists of page 0 + 4,1 + 5, 2 + 6, 3 + 7 Anyway JFFS2 would
* increase the eraseblock size so we chose a combined one which can be
* erased in one go There are more speed improvements for reads and
* writes possible, but not implemented now
*/
{"AND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit", 0x01, 2048, 128, 0x4000,
NAND_IS_AND | NAND_NO_AUTOINCR |NAND_NO_READRDY | NAND_4PAGE_ARRAY |
BBT_AUTO_REFRESH
},
{NULL,}
};
/*
* Manufacturer ID list
*/
struct nand_manufacturers nand_manuf_ids[] = {
{NAND_MFR_TOSHIBA, "Toshiba"},
{NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, "Samsung"},
{NAND_MFR_FUJITSU, "Fujitsu"},
{NAND_MFR_NATIONAL, "National"},
{NAND_MFR_RENESAS, "Renesas"},
{NAND_MFR_STMICRO, "ST Micro"},
{NAND_MFR_HYNIX, "Hynix"},
{NAND_MFR_MICRON, "Micron"},
{NAND_MFR_AMD, "AMD"},
{0x0, "Unknown"}
};
既然对于ARM920T的核,Linux内核已经对大部分的NANDFLASH完美支持了,那还需修改什么呢?分区系统虽然对NANDFLASH进行了默认的分区,但这可能不是我们想要的,我们的分区得和UBOOT中对NANDFLASH的分区保持一致
g.2修改Nand Flash 分区表:那我怎么知道如何分啊？参考系统默认的，那系统默认的分区又在那里定义了？
对于S3C24XX这个CPU ，对于NANDFLASH这样的平台设备打开arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/comm-smdk.c
/* NAND parititon from 2.4.18-swl5 */
static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "Boot Agent",
.size = SZ_16K,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "S3C2410 flash partition 1",
.offset = 0,
.size = SZ_2M,
},
[2] = {
.name = "S3C2410 flash partition 2",
.offset = SZ_4M,
.size = SZ_4M,
},
[3] = {
.name = "S3C2410 flash partition 3",
.offset = SZ_8M,
.size = SZ_2M,
},
[4] = {
.name = "S3C2410 flash partition 4",
.offset = SZ_1M * 10,
.size = SZ_4M,
},
[5] = {
.name = "S3C2410 flash partition 5",
.offset = SZ_1M * 14,
.size = SZ_1M * 10,
},
[6] = {
.name = "S3C2410 flash partition 6",
.offset = SZ_1M * 24,
.size = SZ_1M * 24,
},
[7] = {
.name = "S3C2410 flash partition 7",
.offset = SZ_1M * 48,
.size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
}
};
static struct s3c2410_nand_set smdk_nand_sets[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "NAND",
.nr_chips = 1,
.nr_partitions = ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_default_nand_part),
.partitions = smdk_default_nand_part,
},
};
/* choose a set of timings which should suit most 512Mbit
* chips and beyond.
*/
static struct s3c2410_platform_nand smdk_nand_info = {
.tacls = 20,
.twrph0 = 60,
.twrph1 = 20,
.nr_sets = ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_nand_sets),
.sets = smdk_nand_sets,
};
好了不多想了直接参考这个依葫芦画瓢的修改回到自己的板层文件
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c2440#
打开mach-eilian240.c根据自己移植的UBOOT在里面添加对NANDFLASH分区的代码，代码如下
/* NAND Flash on eilian240 board */
static struct mtd_partition eilian240_nand_part[] __initdata = {
[0] = {
.name = "bootloader",
.size = SZ_1M, //UBOOT大小1M
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "params", //存放参数
.size = SZ_128K,
.offset = SZ_1M,
},
[2] = {
.name = "kernel",
.size = 0x00500000,
.offset = SZ_1M + SZ_128K, //内核
},
[3] = {
.name = "root",
.offset = SZ_1M + SZ_128K + 0x00500000,//根文件系统
.size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
},
[4] = {
.name = "nand",
.offset = 0,
.size = SZ_256M, //整个NANDFLASH 可有可无
},
};
static struct s3c2410_nand_set eilian240_nand_sets[] __initdata = {
[0] = {
.name = "nand",
.nr_chips = 1,
.nr_partitions = ARRAY_SIZE(eilian240_nand_part),
.partitions = eilian240_nand_part,
.flash_bbt = 1, /* we use u-boot to create a BBT */
},
};
static struct s3c2410_platform_nand eilian240_nand_info __initdata = {
.tacls = 20,
.twrph0 = 60,
.twrph1 = 20,
.nr_sets = ARRAY_SIZE(eilian240_nand_sets),
.sets = eilian240_nand_sets,
.ignore_unset_ecc = 1,
};
将nand flash 设备注册到系统中
static struct platform_device *eilian240_devices[] __initdata = {
&s3c_device_ohci,
&s3c_device_lcd,
&s3c_device_wdt,
&s3c_device_i2c0,
&s3c_device_iis,
&s3c_device_nand,
};
传入eilian240_nand_info结构体初始化参数到内核中去
static void __init eilian240_machine_init(void)
{
s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(&eilian240_fb_info);
s3c_i2c0_set_platdata(NULL);
s3c_nand_set_platdata(&eilian240_nand_info);
platform_add_devices(eilian240_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(eilian240_devices));
// smdk_machine_init();
}
加入必要的头文件
/*********nand*****/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
/*********nand*****/
保存退出
h)编译测试
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39# make uImage
等待很久！！！！！！！！
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gzip
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gzip.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/decompress.o
SHIPPED arch/arm/boot/compressed/lib1funcs.S
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/lib1funcs.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.39
Created: Fri Dec 2 02:55:06 2011
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2144304 Bytes = 2094.05 kB = 2.04 MB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39# cparch/arm/boot/uImage /tftpboot
下载uImage到板子上运行
打开超级终端(我这已经将uboot烧入到NANDFLASH)
U-Boot 2010.06 (Nov 29 2011 - 21:13:28)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Flash: 512 KiB
NAND: dev_id = 218
NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Device nand0 not found!
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
bootloader# tftp 32000000 uImage
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b
operating at unknown: 0 mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 211.67.217.136; our IP address is 211.67.217.138
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T #################T ################################################
#################################################################
#############################################################T ##T ##
#############################################T #################T ###
##T ###################T ############################################
##############T ############T ################################T #######T
#############################
done
Bytes transferred = 2144368 (20b870 hex)
bootloader# bootm 32000000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.39
Created: 2011-12-01 18:55:06 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2144304 Bytes = 2 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.39 (root@bootloader) (gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72) ) #1 Fri Dec 2 02:54:32 CST 2011
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: eilian240 development board
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 mem=64M
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 60464k/60464k available, 5072k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
DMA : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000 ( 2 MB)
vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xf6000000 ( 792 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)
.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0029000 ( 132 kB)
.text : 0xc0029000 - 0xc03f7f30 (3900 kB)
.data : 0xc03f8000 - 0xc041bc80 ( 144 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS:85
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 201.52 BogoMIPS (lpj=503808)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
gpiochip_add: gpios 288..303 (GPIOK) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 320..334 (GPIOL) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 352..353 (GPIOM) failed to register
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
bio: create slab
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 , Inc.
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 , Inc.
msgmni has been set to 118
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 60x53
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 29ns Twrph0=7 69ns, Twrph1=3 29ns
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND soft ECC
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "nand":
0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "bootloader"
uncorrectable error :
0x000000100000-0x000000120000 : "params"
ftl_cs: FTL header not found.
0x000000120000-0x000000620000 : "kernel"
ftl_cs: FTL header not found.
0x000000620000-0x000040620000 : "root"
mtd: partition "root" extends beyond the end of device "nand" -- size truncated to 0xf9e0000
ftl_cs: FTL header not found.
0x000000000000-0x000040000000 : "nand"
mtd: partition "nand" extends beyond the end of device "nand" -- size truncated to 0x10000000
uncorrectable error :
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
i2c /dev entries driver
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
cpuidle: using governor ladder
sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
ALSA device list:
No soundcards found.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
Registering the dns_resolver key type
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
List of all partitions:
1f00 1024 mtdblock0 (driver?)
1f01 128 mtdblock1 (driver?)
1f02 5120 mtdblock2 (driver?)
1f03 255872 mtdblock3 (driver?)
1f04 262144 mtdblock4 (driver?) //因为没有文件系统所以出错啊
No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext3 cramfs vfat msdos romfs
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)
[
[
[
[
[
[
/*********************************************************************************************************************************
关注上面深蓝色字体哈。。是否发现点什么。。。
2.1、yaffs2文件系统移植
a)获取yaffs2 源代码
针对嵌入式设备,现在大部分开 发板都可以支持yaffs2 文件系统,特别是使用nand flash 作为存储器的嵌入式设备而创建的一种文件系统，早先的yaffs 仅支持小页(512byte/page)的nand flash，现在的开发板大都配备了更大容量的nand flash，它们一般是大页模式的(2K/page)，使用yaffs2 就可以支持大页的nand flash，下面是yaffs2 的移植详细步骤。使用git工具获取yaffs2源码
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development# apt-get install git-core
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development# git clone git://
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/eilian/development/yaffs2/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 6632, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3921/3921), done.
remote: Total 6632 (delta 5268), reused 3394 (delta 2642)
Receiving objects: 100% (6632/6632), 3.35 MiB | 59 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5268/5268), done.
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development#ls
Bootloader Linux Tools workspace yaffs2
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development#cdyaffs2
b)为内核打补丁
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/yaffs2#./patch-ker.sh c s ../Linux/linux-2.6.39
c)配置内核
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39# make menuconfig //在之前加载缺省文件的前提下
移动上下按键找到File Systems，如图
按回车进入该子菜单，再找到“Miscellaneous filesystems”菜单项，如图
按回车进入该子菜单，找到“YAFFS2 file system support”，如图
按空格选中它，这样我们就在内核中添加了yaffs2 文件系统的支持，按“Exit”退出内核配置。最好选中“Yes”保存
2.2、编译测试
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make clean
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make uImage
打开超级终端下载内核运行
U-Boot 2010.06 (Dec 03 2011 - 12:10:06)
DRAM: 64 MiB
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: dev_id = 218
NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Device nand0 not found!
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
bootloader# printenv
bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 mem=64M
bootcmd=nboot 0x32000000 kernel; bootm 0x32000000
bootdelay=3
baudrate=115200
ethaddr=08:00:3e:26:0a:5b
netmask=255.255.255.0
ethact=dm9000
mtdids=nand0=nandflash0
mtdparts=mtdparts=nandflash0:1m@0(bootloader),128k(params),5m(kernel),-(root)
ipaddr=211.67.217.138
serverip=211.67.217.136
gatewayip=211.67.217.1
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
stderr=serial
Environment size: 428/131068 bytes
bootloader# tftp 32000000 uImage
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b
operating at unknown: 0 mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 211.67.217.136; our IP address is 211.67.217.138
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#####################################
done
Bytes transferred = 2182288 (214c90 hex)
bootloader# bootm 32000000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.39
Created: 2011-12-02 12:29:08 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2182224 Bytes = 2.1 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.39 (root@bootloader) (gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72) ) #3 Fri Dec 2 20:27:45 CST 2011
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: eilian240 development board
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0 mem=64M
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 60384k/60384k available, 5152k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
DMA : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000 ( 2 MB)
vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xf6000000 ( 792 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)
.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0029000 ( 132 kB)
.text : 0xc0029000 - 0xc040a654 (3974 kB)
.data : 0xc040c000 - 0xc042fe00 ( 144 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS:85
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 201.52 BogoMIPS (lpj=503808)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
gpiochip_add: gpios 288..303 (GPIOK) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 320..334 (GPIOL) failed to register
gpiochip_add: gpios 352..353 (GPIOM) failed to register
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
bio: create slab
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) ?? 2001-2006 , Inc.
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 , Inc.
msgmni has been set to 117
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 60x53
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 29ns Twrph0=7 69ns, Twrph1=3 29ns
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND soft ECC
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "nand":
0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "bootloader"
0x000000100000-0x000000120000 : "params"
0x000000120000-0x000000620000 : "kernel"
0x000000620000-0x000040620000 : "root"
mtd: partition "root" extends beyond the end of device "nand" -- size truncated to 0xf9e0000
0x000000000000-0x000010000000 : "nand"
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
i2c /dev entries driver
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
cpuidle: using governor ladder
sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
ALSA device list:
No soundcards found.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
Registering the dns_resolver key type
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2" rw
yaffs: passed flags ""
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 132K
Failed to execute /linuxrc. Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.
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