版本号(4) |
包头长(4) |
服务类型(8) |
数据包长度(16) |
标识(16) |
偏移量(16) |
生存时间(8) |
传输协议(8) |
校验和(16) |
源地址(32) |
|
目的地址(32) |
|
选项(8) |
......... |
填充 |
对其进行数据结构封装:
typedef struct _iphdr //定义IP报头 { unsigned char h_lenver; //4位首部长度+4位IP版本号 unsigned char tos; //8位服务类型TOS unsigned short total_len; //16位总长度(字节) unsigned short ident; //16位标识 unsigned short frag_and_flags; //3位标志位 unsigned char ttl; //8位生存时间 TTL unsigned char proto; //8位协议 (TCP, UDP 或其他) unsigned short checksum; //16位IP首部校验和 unsigned int sourceIP; //32位源IP地址 unsigned int destIP; //32位目的IP地址 } IP_HEADER; |
或者将上述定义中的第一字节按位拆分:
typedef struct _iphdr //定义IP报头 { unsigned char h_len : 4; //4位首部长度 unsigned char ver : 4; //4位IP版本号 unsigned char tos; unsigned short total_len; unsigned short ident; unsigned short frag_and_flags; unsigned char ttl; unsigned char proto; unsigned short checksum; unsigned int sourceIP; unsigned int destIP; } IP_HEADER; |
更加严格地讲,上述定义中h_len、ver字段的内存存放顺序还与具体CPU的Endian有关,因此,更加严格的IP_HEADER可定义为:
typedef struct _iphdr //定义IP报头 { #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) unsigned char h_len : 4; //4位首部长度 unsigned char ver : 4; //4位IP版本号 #elif defined (__BIG_ENDIAN_BITFIELD) unsigned char ver : 4; //4位IP版本号 unsigned char h_len : 4; //4位首部长度 #endif unsigned char tos; unsigned short total_len; unsigned short ident; unsigned short frag_and_flags; unsigned char ttl; unsigned char proto; unsigned short checksum; unsigned int sourceIP; unsigned int destIP; } IP_HEADER; |
TCP报头结构为:
源端口(16) |
目的端口(16) |
序列号(32) |
确认号(32) |
TCP偏移量(4) |
保留(6) |
标志(6) |
窗口(16) |
校验和(16) |
紧急(16) |
选项(0或32) |
数据(可变) |
对应数据结构:
typedef struct psd_hdr //定义TCP伪报头 { unsigned long saddr; //源地址 unsigned long daddr; //目的地址 char mbz; char ptcl; //协议类型 unsigned short tcpl; //TCP长度 }PSD_HEADER; typedef struct _tcphdr //定义TCP报头 { unsigned short th_sport; //16位源端口 unsigned short th_dport; //16位目的端口 unsigned int th_seq; //32位序列号 unsigned int th_ack; //32位确认号 unsigned char th_lenres; //4位首部长度/4位保留字 unsigned char th_flag; //6位标志位 unsigned short th_win; //16位窗口大小 unsigned short th_sum; //16位校验和 unsigned short th_urp; //16位紧急数据偏移量 } TCP_HEADER; |
同样地,TCP头的定义也可以将位域拆分:
typedef struct _tcphdr { unsigned short th_sport; unsigned short th_dport; unsigned int th_seq; unsigned int th_ack; /*little-endian*/ unsigned short tcp_res1: 4, tcp_hlen: 4, tcp_fin: 1, tcp_syn: 1, tcp_rst: 1, tcp_psh: 1, tcp_ack: 1, tcp_urg: 1, tcp_res2: 2; unsigned short th_win; unsigned short th_sum; unsigned short th_urp; } TCP_HEADER; |
UDP报头为:
源端口(16) |
目的端口(16) |
报文长(16) |
校验和(16) |
对应的数据结构为:
typedef struct _udphdr //定义UDP报头 { unsigned short uh_sport;//16位源端口 unsigned short uh_dport;//16位目的端口 unsigned short uh_len;//16位长度 unsigned short uh_sum;//16位校验和 } UDP_HEADER; |
ICMP协议是网络层中一个非常重要的协议,其全称为Internet Control Message Protocol(因特网控制报文协议),ICMP协议弥补了IP的缺限,它使用IP协议进行信息传递,向数据包中的源端节点提供发生在网络层的错误信息反馈。ICMP报头为:
常用的回送与或回送响应ICMP消息对应数据结构为:
typedef struct _icmphdr //定义ICMP报头(回送与或回送响应) { unsigned char i_type;//8位类型 unsigned char i_code; //8位代码 unsigned short i_cksum; //16位校验和 unsigned short i_id; //识别号(一般用进程号作为识别号) unsigned short i_seq; //报文序列号 unsigned int timestamp;//时间戳 } ICMP_HEADER; |