申报了学校的新苗计划,主要是针对图像处理的。说实话,真心对图像处理不是很懂,所以最近一直处于充电学习阶段。通过这段时间的基础学习,作为一个图像处理方面的小菜鸟,还是想对图像处理谈一些自己的刍见。
在我看来,作为图像处理的入门,会文件操作,能顺利得到图像的像素就足够了。但是在这方面做出成就就很难了,因为它涉及了很多算法,要做的出众就要有一定的创新就很难了。像海康这样做安防的,在视频方面做得之所以出众,就是因为他们在图像处理、画面处理方面的算法都有自己的创新。
下面是这段时间,我关于图像处理方面的一些入门算法的实现代码,使用qt实现的,为自己后期实现图像处理(如:图像变形、分割等)做准备,代码分享如下:
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#include \"mainwindow.h\"
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#include \"ui_mainwindow.h\"
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#include <QFileDialog>
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#include <QMovie>
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#include <QRgb>
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#include <math.h>
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#include <QInputDialog>
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#include <QDebug>
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#include <QDialog>
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#include <QDoubleSpinBox>
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#include <QSpinBox>
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#include <QLabel>
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MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
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QMainWindow(parent),
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ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
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{
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ui->setupUi(this);
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QMenu *editMenu=ui->menuBar->addMenu(QObject::tr(\"图片(&P)\"));
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QAction *action_Open=editMenu->addAction(QObject::tr(\"打开图片&O\"));
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QMenu *editMenuMake=ui->menuBar->addMenu(QObject::tr(\"图像几何变换(&M)\"));
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QAction *action_Make1=editMenuMake->addAction(QObject::tr(\"图像平移(&T)\"));
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QAction *action_Make2=editMenuMake->addAction(QObject::tr(\"图像放缩(&S)\"));
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QMenu *editMenuBetter=ui->menuBar->addMenu(QObject::tr(\"图像增强(&B)\"));
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QAction *action_Better1=editMenuBetter->addAction(QObject::tr(\"图像锐化(&E)\"));
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QAction *action_Better2=editMenuBetter->addAction(QObject::tr(\"直方图均衡化(&A)\"));
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QAction *action_Better3=editMenuBetter->addAction(QObject::tr(\"消除噪声(&D)\"));
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QMenu *editMenuTiqu=ui->menuBar->addMenu(QObject::tr(\"提取(&G)\"));
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QAction *action_Gray=editMenuTiqu->addAction(QObject::tr(\"图像灰度化\"));
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QAction *action_Get1=editMenuTiqu->addAction(QObject::tr(\"Sobel算子提取\"));
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action_Open->setCheckable(true);
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action_Make1->setCheckable(true);
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action_Make2->setCheckable(true);
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action_Better1->setCheckable(true);
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action_Better2->setCheckable(true);
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action_Better3->setCheckable(true);
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action_Gray->setCheckable(true);
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action_Get1->setCheckable(true);
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connect(action_Open,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(OpenPicture()));
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connect(action_Make1,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(SetChangeValue()));
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connect(action_Make2,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(SetSouValue()));
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connect(action_Better1,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(SetBetterValue()));
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connect(action_Better2,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(MakePicAverage()));
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connect(action_Gray,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(RgbToGray()));
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connect(action_Get1,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(SobelGet()));
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connect(action_Better3,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(SelectYanKind()));
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}
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MainWindow::~MainWindow()
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{
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delete ui;
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}
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//获取要处理的图像并显示出来
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void MainWindow::OpenPicture()
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{
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fileName=QFileDialog::getOpenFileName( this,tr(\"打开文件\"),\"/usr/local/Trolltech\",
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tr(\"任何文件(*.*)\"\";;文本文件(*.txt)\"\";;XML文件(*.xml)\"\";;Images (*.png *.xpm *.jpg)\"));
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QMovie *move=new QMovie(fileName);
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ui->label->move(50,100);
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ui->label->setMovie(move);
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move->start();
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}
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//确定图像左右、上下的平移量,并触发平移函数
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void MainWindow::SetChangeValue()
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{
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dialog=new QDialog(this);
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QLabel *WidthLabel=new QLabel(dialog);
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WidthLabel->move(30,50);
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WidthLabel->setText(tr(\"设置宽度的平移量\"));
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setWidthChange=new QSpinBox(dialog);
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setWidthChange->setMaximum(20);
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setWidthChange->setMinimum(-20);
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setWidthChange->move(180,50);
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QLabel *HeightLabel=new QLabel(dialog);
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HeightLabel->move(30,80);
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HeightLabel->setText(tr(\"设置高度的平移量\"));
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setHeightChange=new QSpinBox(dialog);
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setHeightChange->setMaximum(20);
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setHeightChange->setMinimum(-20);
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setHeightChange->move(180,80);
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QPushButton *button=new QPushButton(dialog);
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button->move(180,120);
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button->setText(tr(\"确定\"));
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dialog->show();
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connect(button,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(ShowChangePic()));
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}
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//平移函数
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void MainWindow::ShowChangePic()
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{
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image=new QImage(fileName);
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QImage ChangeImage;
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ChangeImage=QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
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QRgb rgb;
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int width,height;
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int i,j;
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int widthOffset,heightOffset;
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width=image->width();
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height=image->height();
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widthOffset=setWidthChange->value();
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heightOffset=setHeightChange->value();
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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rgb=image->pixel(i,j);
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if(ChangeImage.valid(i+widthOffset,j+heightOffset))
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{
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ChangeImage.setPixel(i+widthOffset,j+heightOffset,rgb);
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}
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}
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}
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ui->label_2->resize(ChangeImage.width(),ChangeImage.height());
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ui->label_2->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(ChangeImage));
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delete image;
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delete dialog;
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}
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//设置图像伸缩的比例并触发伸缩函数
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void MainWindow::SetSouValue()
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{
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dialog=new QDialog(this);
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QLabel *WidthLabel=new QLabel(dialog);
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WidthLabel->move(30,50);
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WidthLabel->setText(tr(\"设置宽度的缩放比例\"));
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setWidthBi=new QDoubleSpinBox(dialog);
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setWidthBi->setMaximum(20);
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setWidthBi->setMinimum(0.1);
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setWidthBi->move(180,50);
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QLabel *HeightLabel=new QLabel(dialog);
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HeightLabel->move(30,80);
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HeightLabel->setText(tr(\"设置高度的缩放比例\"));
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setHeightBi=new QDoubleSpinBox(dialog);
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setHeightBi->setMaximum(20);
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setHeightBi->setMinimum(0.1);
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setHeightBi->move(180,80);
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QPushButton *button=new QPushButton(dialog);
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button->move(180,120);
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button->setText(tr(\"确定\"));
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dialog->show();
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connect(button,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(ShowSouPic()));
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}
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//伸缩函数
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void MainWindow::ShowSouPic()
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{
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int width,height;
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image=new QImage(fileName);
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width=image->width();
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height=image->height();
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double x,y,r1,r2,g1,g2,b1,b2;
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int i,j;
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double width_bi,height_bi;
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QRgb rgb00,rgb01,rgb10,rgb11;
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int r,g,b;
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QImage SouImage;
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width_bi=setWidthBi->value();
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height_bi=setHeightBi->value();
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SouImage=QImage(width*width_bi,height*height_bi,QImage::Format_ARGB32);
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for(i=0;i<width*width_bi;i++)
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{
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for(j=0;j<height*height_bi;j++)
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{
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x=i*(1/width_bi);
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y=j*(1/height_bi);
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//边界采用单线性插值
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if(ceil(x)==0&&ceil(y)!=0)
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{
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rgb00=image->pixel(0,ceil(y)-1);
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rgb01=image->pixel(0,ceil(y));
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r=(ceil(y)-y)*qRed(rgb00)+(y-(ceil(y)-1))*qRed(rgb01);
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g=(ceil(y)-y)*qGreen(rgb00)+(y-(ceil(y)-1))*qGreen(rgb01);
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b=(ceil(y)-y)*qBlue(rgb00)+(y-(ceil(y)-1))*qBlue(rgb01);
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SouImage.setPixel(i,j,qRgb(r,g,b));
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}
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if(ceil(y)==0&&ceil(y)!=0)
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{
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rgb00=image->pixel(ceil(x)-1,0);
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rgb10=image->pixel(ceil(x),0);
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r=(ceil(x)-x)*qRed(rgb00)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qRed(rgb10);
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g=(ceil(x)-x)*qGreen(rgb00)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qGreen(rgb10);
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b=(ceil(x)-x)*qBlue(rgb00)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qBlue(rgb10);
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SouImage.setPixel(i,j,qRgb(r,g,b));
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}
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//(0,0)点特殊处理
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if(ceil(y)==0&&ceil(y)==0)
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{
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rgb00=image->pixel(0,0);
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SouImage.setPixel(i,j,rgb00);
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}
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//非边界采用双线性插值
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if(ceil(x)!=0&&ceil(y)!=0)
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{
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rgb00=image->pixel(ceil(x)-1,ceil(y)-1);
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rgb01=image->pixel(ceil(x)-1,ceil(y));
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rgb10=image->pixel(ceil(x),ceil(y)-1);
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rgb11=image->pixel(ceil(x),ceil(y));
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r1=(ceil(x)-x)*qRed(rgb00)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qRed(rgb10);
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r2=(ceil(x)-x)*qRed(rgb01)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qRed(rgb11);
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r=(int)((ceil(y)-y)*r1+(y-(ceil(y)-1))*r2);
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g1=(ceil(x)-x)*qGreen(rgb00)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qGreen(rgb10);
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g2=(ceil(x)-x)*qGreen(rgb01)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qGreen(rgb11);
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g=(int)((ceil(y)-y)*g1+(y-(ceil(y)-1))*g2);
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b1=(ceil(x)-x)*qBlue(rgb00)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qBlue(rgb10);
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b2=(ceil(x)-x)*qBlue(rgb01)+(x-(ceil(x)-1))*qBlue(rgb11);
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b=(int)((ceil(y)-y)*b1+(y-(ceil(y)-1))*b2);
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SouImage.setPixel(i,j,qRgb(r,g,b));
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}
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}
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}
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ui->label_2->resize(SouImage.width(),SouImage.height());
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ui->label_2->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(SouImage));
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delete image;
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delete dialog;
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}
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//设置图像锐化的阈值并触发图像锐化函数
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void MainWindow::SetBetterValue()
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{
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dialog=new QDialog(this);
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QLabel *WidthLabel=new QLabel(dialog);
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WidthLabel->move(30,50);
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WidthLabel->setText(tr(\"设置锐化的阈值\"));
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setBetterValue=new QSpinBox(dialog);
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setBetterValue->setMaximum(100);
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setBetterValue->setMinimum(10);
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setBetterValue->move(180,50);
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QPushButton *button=new QPushButton(dialog);
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button->move(180,70);
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button->setText(tr(\"确定\"));
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dialog->show();
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connect(button,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(MakePicBetter()));
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}
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//图像锐化
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void MainWindow::MakePicBetter()
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{
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image=new QImage(fileName);
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QImage ImageBetter;
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ImageBetter=QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
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int i,j;
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int r,g,b,tmpR,tmpG,tmpB;
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QRgb rgb00,rgb01,rgb10;
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int width=image->width(),height=image->height();
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int betterValue=setBetterValue->value();
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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if(image->valid(i,j)&&image->valid(i+1,j)&&image->valid(i,j+1))
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{
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rgb00=image->pixel(i,j);
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rgb01=image->pixel(i,j+1);
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rgb10=image->pixel(i+1,j);
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r=qRed(rgb00);
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g=qGreen(rgb00);
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b=qBlue(rgb00);
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tmpR=abs(qRed(rgb00)-qRed(rgb01))+abs(qRed(rgb00)-qRed(rgb10));
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tmpG=abs(qGreen(rgb00)-qGreen(rgb01))+abs(qGreen(rgb00)-qGreen(rgb10));
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tmpB=abs(qBlue(rgb00)-qBlue(rgb01))+abs(qBlue(rgb00)-qBlue(rgb10));
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if((tmpR+120)<255)
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{
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if(tmpR>betterValue)
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{
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r=tmpR+120;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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r=255;
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}
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if((tmpG+120)<255)
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{
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if(tmpG>betterValue)
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{
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g=tmpG+120;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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g=255;
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}
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if((tmpB+120)<255)
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{
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if(tmpB>betterValue)
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{
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b=tmpB+120;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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b=255;
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}
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ImageBetter.setPixel(i,j,qRgb(r,g,b));
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}
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}
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}
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ui->label_2->resize(ImageBetter.width(),ImageBetter.height());
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ui->label_2->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(ImageBetter));
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delete image;
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delete dialog;
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}
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//图像的直方图均衡化
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void MainWindow::MakePicAverage()
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{
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image=new QImage(fileName);
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QImage ImageAverage;
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ImageAverage=QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
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int i,j;
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int width,height;
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width=image->width();
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height=image->height();
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QRgb rgb;
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int r[256],g[256],b[256];//原图各个灰度数量的统计
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int rtmp,gtmp,btmp,rj,gj,bj;
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float rPro[256],gPro[256],bPro[256];//原图各个灰度级的概率
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float rTemp[256],gTemp[256],bTemp[256];//均衡化后各个灰度级的概率
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int rJun[256],gJun[256],bJun[256];//均衡化后对应像素的值
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memset(r,0,sizeof(r));
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memset(g,0,sizeof(g));
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memset(b,0,sizeof(b));
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//获取原图各个灰度的数量
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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rgb=image->pixel(i,j);
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r[qRed(rgb)]++;
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g[qGreen(rgb)]++;
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b[qBlue(rgb)]++;
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}
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}
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//获取原图各个灰度级的概率
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for(i=0;i<256;i++)
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{
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rPro[i]=(r[i]*1.0)/(width*height);
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gPro[i]=(g[i]*1.0)/(width*height);
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bPro[i]=(b[i]*1.0)/(width*height);
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}
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//均衡化后各个灰度级的概率,同时获取均衡化后对应像素的值
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for(i=0;i<256;i++)
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{
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if(i==0)
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{
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rTemp[0]=rPro[0];
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gTemp[0]=gPro[0];
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bTemp[0]=bPro[0];
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}
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else
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{
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rTemp[i]=rTemp[i-1]+rPro[i];
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gTemp[i]=gTemp[i-1]+gPro[i];
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bTemp[i]=bTemp[i-1]+bPro[i];
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}
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rJun[i]=(int)(255*rTemp[i]+0.5);
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gJun[i]=(int)(255*gTemp[i]+0.5);
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bJun[i]=(int)(255*bTemp[i]+0.5);
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}
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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rgb=image->pixel(i,j);
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rtmp=qRed(rgb);
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gtmp=qGreen(rgb);
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btmp=qBlue(rgb);
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rj=rJun[rtmp];
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gj=gJun[gtmp];
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bj=bJun[btmp];
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ImageAverage.setPixel(i,j,qRgb(rj,gj,bj));
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}
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}
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ui->label_2->resize(ImageAverage.width(),ImageAverage.height());
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ui->label_2->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(ImageAverage));
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delete image;
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}
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//Sobel算子提取图像边界
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void MainWindow::SobelGet()
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{
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image=new QImage(fileName);
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QImage SobelIma;
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SobelIma=QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
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Template(SobelIma);
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ui->label_2->resize(SobelIma.width(),SobelIma.height());
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ui->label_2->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(SobelIma));
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}
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//与算子进行卷积的函数
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void MainWindow::Template(QImage &SobelImage)
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{
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int width=image->width(),height=image->height();
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int pixelNum=width*height;
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int i,j,k,l;
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float rResult,gResult,bResult;
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float sobel1[9]={1,2,1,0,0,0,-1,-2,-1},sobel2[9]={1,0,-1,2,0,-2,1,0,-1};
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QRgb pixelOld[pixelNum],pixelTemp1[pixelNum],pixelTemp2[pixelNum];
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int rtmp,gtmp,btmp;
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memset(pixelTemp1,255,pixelNum);
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memset(pixelTemp2,255,pixelNum);
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QRgb tmpRgb;
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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tmpRgb=image->pixel(i,j);
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pixelOld[j*width+i]=tmpRgb;
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}
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}
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for(j=1;j<height-1;j++)
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{
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for(i=1;i<width-1;i++)
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{
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rResult=0;
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gResult=0;
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bResult=0;
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for(k=0;k<3;k++)
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{
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for(l=0;l<3;l++)
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{
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rResult+=qRed(pixelOld[(j-1+k)*width+(i-1+l)])*sobel1[k*3+l];
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gResult+=qGreen(pixelOld[(j-1+k)*width+(i-1+l)])*sobel1[k*3+l];
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bResult+=qBlue(pixelOld[(j-1+k)*width+(i-1+l)])*sobel1[k*3+l];
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}
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}
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rResult=(float)fabs(rResult);
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gResult=(float)fabs(gResult);
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bResult=(float)fabs(bResult);
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if(rResult>255)
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{
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rtmp=255;
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}
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else
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rtmp=(int)(rResult+0.5);
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if(gResult>255)
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gtmp=255;
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else
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gtmp=(int)(gResult+0.5);
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if(bResult>255)
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btmp=255;
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else
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btmp=(int)(bResult+0.5);
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pixelTemp1[j*width+i]=qRgb(rtmp,gtmp,btmp);
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}
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}
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for(j=1;j<height-1;j++)
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{
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for(i=1;i<width-1;i++)
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{
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rResult=0;
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gResult=0;
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bResult=0;
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for(k=0;k<3;k++)
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{
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for(l=0;l<3;l++)
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{
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rResult+=qRed(pixelOld[(j-1+k)*width+(i-1+l)])*sobel2[k*3+l];
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gResult+=qGreen(pixelOld[(j-1+k)*width+(i-1+l)])*sobel2[k*3+l];
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bResult+=qBlue(pixelOld[(j-1+k)*width+(i-1+l)])*sobel2[k*3+l];
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}
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}
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rResult=(float)fabs(rResult);
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gResult=(float)fabs(gResult);
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bResult=(float)fabs(bResult);
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if(rResult>255)
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rtmp=255;
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else
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rtmp=(int)(rResult+0.5);
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if(gResult>255)
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gtmp=255;
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else
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gtmp=(int)(gResult+0.5);
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if(bResult>255)
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btmp=255;
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else
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btmp=(int)(bResult+0.5);
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pixelTemp2[j*width+i]=qRgb(rtmp,gtmp,btmp);
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}
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}
-
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for(i=0;i<pixelNum;i++)
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{
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if(pixelTemp2[i]>pixelTemp1[i])
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pixelTemp1[i]=pixelTemp2[i];
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}
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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SobelImage.setPixel(i,j,pixelTemp1[j*width+i]);
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}
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}
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delete[] pixelTemp1;
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delete[] pixelTemp2;
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delete image;
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}
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//设置图像平滑的方法
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void MainWindow::SelectYanKind()
-
{
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dialog=new QDialog(this);
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QLabel *Label=new QLabel(dialog);
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Label->move(45,20);
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Label->setText(tr(\"设置图像平滑的方法\"));
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QLabel *DescLabel=new QLabel(dialog);
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DescLabel->move(60,45);
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DescLabel->setText(tr(\" 1--邻域平均法\\n 2--加权平均法\\n 3--选择式掩膜平滑\\n\"));
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setKind=new QSpinBox(dialog);
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setKind->setMaximum(3);
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setKind->setMinimum(1);
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setKind->move(65,100);
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QPushButton *button=new QPushButton(dialog);
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button->move(65,130);
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button->setText(tr(\"确定\"));
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dialog->show();
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connect(button,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(DecreseVoice()));
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}
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//将图像的像素信息存在缓存中,并通过调用图像平滑函数更改缓存中的信息
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void MainWindow::DecreseVoice()
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{
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image=new QImage(fileName);
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int i,j,k,num;
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int width=image->width(),height=image->height();
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QImage MoreClear;
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MoreClear=QImage(width,height,QImage::Format_ARGB32);
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num=width*height;
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QRgb tmpPixel[num];
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int yanKind=setKind->value();
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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k=i*height+j;
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tmpPixel[k]=image->pixel(i,j);
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}
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}
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MoreClearPic(tmpPixel,yanKind,width,height);
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
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{
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
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{
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k=i*height+j;
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MoreClear.setPixel(i,j,tmpPixel[k]);
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}
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}
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ui->label_2->resize(width,height);
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ui->label_2->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(MoreClear));
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delete dialog;
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}
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//,图形平滑函数,它通过调用相应的平滑化函数实现图像的不同平滑化
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void MainWindow::MoreClearPic(QRgb *tmpPixel,int yanKind,int width,int height)
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{
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int i,j,k;
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int num=width*height;
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int rtmpPixel[num],gtmpPixel[num],btmpPixel[num];
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for(i=0;i<width;i++)
-
{
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for(j=0;j<height;j++)
-
{
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k=i*height+j;
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rtmpPixel[k]=qRed(tmpPixel[k]);
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gtmpPixel[k]=qGreen(tmpPixel[k]);
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btmpPixel[k]=qBlue(tmpPixel[k]);
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}
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}
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if(yanKind==1)
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{
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YanMo1(rtmpPixel,width,height);
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YanMo1(gtmpPixel,width,height);
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YanMo1(btmpPixel,width,height);
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}
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if(yanKind==2)
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{
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YanMo2(rtmpPixel,width,height);
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YanMo2(gtmpPixel,width,height);
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YanMo2(btmpPixel,width,height);
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}
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/*if(yanKind==3)
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{
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YanMo3(rtmpPixel,width,height);
-
YanMo3(gtmpPixel,width,height);
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YanMo3(btmpPixel,width,height);
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}*/
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for(i=1;i<width-1;i++)
-
{
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for(j=1;j<height-1;j++)
-
{
-
k=i*height+j;
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tmpPixel[k]=qRgb(rtmpPixel[k],gtmpPixel[k],btmpPixel[k]);
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}
-
}
-
}
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//邻域平均法平滑化函数
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void MainWindow::YanMo1(int *tmpPixel, int width, int height)
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{
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float Template[9]={1.0/9,1.0/9,1.0/9,1.0/9,1.0/9,1.0/9,1.0/9,1.0/9,1.0/9};
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int i,j;
-
for(i=1;i<width-1;i++)
-
{
-
for(j=1;j<height-1;j++)
-
{
-
tmpPixel[i*height+j]=tmpPixel[(i-1)*height+j-1]*Template[0]+tmpPixel[(i-1)*height+j]*Template[1]+
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tmpPixel[(i-1)*height+j+1]*Template[2]+tmpPixel[i*height+j-1]*Template[3]+tmpPixel[i*height+j]*Template[4]
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+tmpPixel[i*height+j+1]*Template[5]+tmpPixel[(i+1)*height+j-1]*Template[6]+tmpPixel[(i+1)*height+j]*Template[7]
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+tmpPixel[(i+1)*height+j+1]*Template[8];
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
//加权平均法平滑化函数
-
void MainWindow::YanMo2(int *tmpPixel, int width, int height)
-
{
-
float Template[9]={1.0/16,2.0/16,1.0/16,2.0/16,4.0/16,2.0/16,1.0/16,2.0/16,1.0/16};
-
int i,j;
-
for(i=1;i<width-1;i++)
-
{
-
for(j=1;j<height-1;j++)
-
{
-
tmpPixel[i*height+j]=tmpPixel[(i-1)*height+j-1]*Template[0]+tmpPixel[(i-1)*height+j]*Template[1]+
-
tmpPixel[(i-1)*height+j+1]*Template[2]+tmpPixel[i*height+j-1]*Template[3]+tmpPixel[i*height+j]*Template[4]
-
+tmpPixel[i*height+j+1]*Template[5]+tmpPixel[(i+1)*height+j-1]*Template[6]+tmpPixel[(i+1)*height+j]*Template[7]
-
+tmpPixel[(i+1)*height+j+1]*Template[8];
-
}
-
}
-
}
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