在Red Hat, CentOS和 Fedora下可以使用yum工具来安装postgresql，在linux发行版本中自带得postgresql版本都不一样，版本情况如下表
：
|
Distribution
|
Version
|
|
RHEL/CentOS/SL/OL 7
|
9.2
|
|
RHEL/CentOS/SL/OL 6
|
8.4(also supplies package postgresql92)
|
|
RHEL/CentOS/SL/OL 5
|
8.1 (also supplies package postgresql84)
|
|
Fedora 22
|
9.4
|
|
Fedora 21
|
9.3
|
|
Fedora 20
|
9.3
|
查看系统版本：
root># uname -a
Linux postgresql.db.com 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Dec 6 19:48:22 GMT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
检查系统自带postgresql版本：
root># yum list|grep postgresql-server
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository contrib is listed more than once in the configuration
postgresql-server.x86_64 8.4.20-4.el6_7 updates
可以发现自带得版本是8.4，那么我们就使用该版本来安装。
创建postgresql 用户：
root># adduser postgres
root># passwd postgres
Changing password for user postgres.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
我们通过yum来安装，安装命令如下：
root># yum install postgresql-server.x86_64
具体安装过程如下：
root># yum install postgresql-server.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository contrib is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postgresql-server.x86_64 0:8.4.20-4.el6_7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: postgresql-libs(x86-64) = 8.4.20-4.el6_7 for package: postgresql-server-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: postgresql(x86-64) = 8.4.20-4.el6_7 for package: postgresql-server-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql-server-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:8.4.20-4.el6_7 will be installed
---> Package postgresql-libs.x86_64 0:8.4.20-4.el6_7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql-server x86_64 8.4.20-4.el6_7 updates 3.4 M
Installing for dependencies:
postgresql x86_64 8.4.20-4.el6_7 updates 2.6 M
postgresql-libs x86_64 8.4.20-4.el6_7 updates 202 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 3 Package(s)
Total download size: 6.2 M
Installed size: 29 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y ---安装所需YUM依赖包，输入Y。
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): postgresql-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64.rpm | 2.6 MB 00:00
(2/3): postgresql-libs-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64.rpm | 202 kB 00:00
(3/3): postgresql-server-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3.0 MB/s | 6.2 MB 00:02
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 3 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
glibc-devel-2.5-49.i386 has missing requires of glibc = ('0', '2.5', '49')
glibc-devel-2.5-49.i386 has missing requires of glibc-headers = ('0', '2.5', '49')
glibc-devel-2.12-1.166.el6_7.3.i686 is a duplicate with glibc-devel-2.5-49.i386
Installing : postgresql-libs-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64 1/3
Installing : postgresql-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64 2/3
Installing : postgresql-server-8.4.20-4.el6_7.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
postgresql-server.x86_64 0:8.4.20-4.el6_7
Dependency Installed:
postgresql.x86_64 0:8.4.20-4.el6_7 postgresql-libs.x86_64 0:8.4.20-4.el6_7
Complete!
ok，安装完成，
检查postgresql服务是否启动：
root># service postgresql status
postmaster is stopped
启动postgresql服务：
root># service postgresql start
/var/lib/pgsql/data is missing. Use "service postgresql initdb" to initialize the cluster first.
[FAILED]
发现启动报错，启动报错提示需要先对数据库进行初始化。
下面对数据库进行初始化，命令如下：
root># service postgresql initdb
Initializing database: [ OK ]
重新启动postgresql服务：
root># service postgresql start
Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
ok，启动成功。
将用户切换到postgres用户下：
root># su - postgres
登陆到数据库：
postgres>$ psql
psql (8.4.20)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
: postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
: postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)
通过yum安装成功后，那么我们的默认的安装目录在那呢？
一般情况下在linux下安装，默认的postgresql的安装目录和数据目录在/var/lib/pgsql下。
安装目录下有那些文件呢！我们进入到安装目录：
postgresql.db.com<2015-11-21 23:44:22> /var/lib/pgsql
root># ls
backups data pgstartup.log
查看数据文件目录下有那些文件：
postgresql.db.com<2015-11-21 23:44:22> /var/lib/pgsql
root># cd data/
postgresql.db.com<2015-11-21 23:46:55> /var/lib/pgsql/data
root># ls -lth
total 80K
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:46 pg_stat_tmp
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:39 global
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:39 pg_log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 57 Nov 21 23:39 postmaster.opts
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 45 Nov 21 23:39 postmaster.pid
drwx------. 5 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:38 base
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:37 pg_clog
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:37 pg_subtrans
drwx------. 3 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:37 pg_xlog
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 3.4K Nov 21 23:37 pg_hba.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1.6K Nov 21 23:37 pg_ident.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 17K Nov 21 23:37 postgresql.conf
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 4 Nov 21 23:37 PG_VERSION
drwx------. 4 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:37 pg_multixact
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:37 pg_tblspc
drwx------. 2 postgres postgres 4.0K Nov 21 23:37 pg_twophase
参考：
