linux服务器雏形以及简单samba的配置

      自己学习linux的时候最初接受的就是命令行，自己一开始就爱上了它，所以我学习linux从不在桌面环境下面，我开始安装的linux只有221个包，因为我的机子太老了，所以安装的时候连图形界面都没出来，自己安装后就开始一步步完善系统，需要什么就去装什么。最初的是网络配置
Linux 网络配置：
手动添加ip：
1.激活网卡：ifconfig eth0 up
2.修改、etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0文件
DEVICE=eth0；#物理设备名称
IPADDR=……….#ip地址
NETMASK=…….#掩码值
NETWORK=……#网络地址（可不要）
BROADCAST=…..#广播地址（可不要）
GATEWAY=…….#网关地址
ONBOOT=”yes”#引导时是否激活设备
USERCTL=”no”#非root用户是否可以使用该设备
BOOTPROTO=static#静态地址
DNS1=
DNS2=
3.重启网络设备
Root权限下：service network restart
4启动或关闭防火墙
Root权限下：service iptables  on
关闭：service iptables off

第二步:我们就要实现ssh配置了，最小化安装ssh也是有的，只需要你去简单配置一下

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config//用vim编辑器打开sshd配置文件
Protcol 2# 修改后变为此状态，仅使用SSH2
ServerKeyBits 1024　# 修改后变为此状态，将ServerKey强度改为1024比特
PermitRootLogin yes 　# 允许用root进行登录
PasswordAuthentication yes　# 修改后变为此状态，允许密码方式的登录
PermitEmptyPasswords no　 # 修改后变为此状态，禁止空密码进行登录
Port 22
“Port”设置sshd监听的端口号。
ListenAddress 192.168.1.1
“ListenAddress”设置sshd服务器绑定的IP地址。

第三步：就是利用ssh登陆软件远程登陆服务器进行维护安装软件了，我最喜欢用的软件就是putty软件，在网上可以很容易下到，软件很容易掌握。

第四步：下面我们远程登陆后，执行的第一个命令就是yum update  更新一下你的yum数据仓库，这样你的系统就会健全一点。

第五步：我们要实现linux和windows之间的文件共享，这样我们才可以很好的配置服务器

我要配置的samba是要实现既要有不需要有密码就可以访问的，也有需要用户和密码才可以访问的，权限全部为777（如果你不知道777是什么我建议你再去看看我前面的博客），下面开始

yum install samba
//假定你要建立的用户名是sun
mkdir /home/sun //（需要用户名和密码才可以访问）
mkdir /home/public //公共文件
rm -rf /etc/samba/smb.conf //删除原来的配置文件  把我的配置文件拷过去
cp smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf //cp我的配置文件
getsebool -a |grep samba //查看关于samba的布尔值
setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on //配置布尔值
setsebool -P samba_create_home_dirs on
setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on

chcon -t samba_share_t /home/sunpengqi //改变文件的类型
chcon -t samba_share_t /home/public
//权限设置
chmod -R 777 /home/sunpengqi
chmod -R 777 /home/public
//
开放445端口
netstat -ntupl //查看所有服务端口
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables //编辑开放445端口

service smb restart
service iptables restart
/usr/sbin/useradd -p 123456 sun
smbpasswd sun
//输入密码

service smb restart

我的smb配置文件

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown in this example
#
# For a step to step guide on installing, configuring and using samba,
# read the Samba-HOWTO-Collection. This may be obtained from:
#  http://
#
# Many working examples of smb.conf files can be found in the
# Samba-Guide which is generated daily and can be downloaded from:
#  http://
#
# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.
#
#---------------
# SELINUX NOTES:
#
# If you want to use the useradd/groupadd family of binaries please run:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# If you want to share home directories via samba please run:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory you want to share you should mark it as
# "samba_share_t" so that selinux will let you write into it.
# Make sure not to do that on system directories as they may already have
# been marked with othe SELinux labels.
#
# Use ls -ldZ /path to see which context a directory has
#
# Set labels only on directories you created!
# To set a label use the following: chcon -t samba_share_t /path
#
# If you need to share a system created directory you can use one of the
# following (read-only/read-write):
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# or
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# If you want to run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...) please
# put them into the /var/lib/samba/scripts directory so that smbd will be
# allowed to run them.
# Make sure you COPY them and not MOVE them so that the right SELinux context
# is applied, to check all is ok use restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts
#
#--------------
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]

# ----------------------- Network Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: MIDEARTH
#
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
#
# netbios name can be used to specify a server name not tied to the hostname
#
# Interfaces lets you configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you can list the ones
# you want to listen on (never omit localhost)
#
# Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrict who can connect, and you can
# specifiy it as a per share option as well
#
    workgroup = workgroup
    server string = Samba Server Version %v

;    netbios name = MYSERVER

;    interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
;    hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.

# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# Log File let you specify where to put logs and how to split them up.
#
# Max Log Size let you specify the max size log files should reach

    # logs split per machine
    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
    # max 50KB per log file, then rotate
    max log size = 50
map to guest = bad user

# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# Scurity can be set to user, share(deprecated) or server(deprecated)
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.

    security = user
    passdb backend = tdbsam


# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to domain or ads
#
# Use the realm option only with security = ads
# Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Use password server option only with security = server or if you can't
# use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers
# The argument list may include:
#   password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
#   password server = *


;    security = domain
;    passdb backend = tdbsam
;    realm = MY_REALM

;    password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to user for domain controllers
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
#
# Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logon server for Windows workstations.
#
# Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script to be run at login time on the client
# You need to provide it in a share called NETLOGON
#
# Logon Path let you specify where user profiles are stored (UNC path)
#
# Various scripts can be used on a domain controller or stand-alone
# machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts
#
;    security = user
;    passdb backend = tdbsam

;    domain master = yes
;    domain logons = yes

    # the login script name depends on the machine name
;    logon script = %m.bat
    # the login script name depends on the unix user used
;    logon script = %u.bat
;    logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u
    # disables profiles support by specifing an empty path
;    logon path =

;    add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
;    add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
;    add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
;    delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
;    delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
;    delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"


# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
#
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
#
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
;    local master = no
;    os level = 33
;    preferred master = yes

#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
#
# - WINS Support: Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
#
# - WINS Server: Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
#
# - WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
#   behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
#   at least one    WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
#
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups.

;    wins support = yes
;    wins server = w.x.y.z
;    wins proxy = yes

;    dns proxy = yes

# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
#
# Load Printers let you load automatically the list of printers rather
# than setting them up individually
#
# Cups Options let you pass the cups libs custom options, setting it to raw
# for example will let you use drivers on your Windows clients
#
# Printcap Name let you specify an alternative printcap file
#
# You can choose a non default printing system using the Printing option

    load printers = yes
    cups options = raw

;    printcap name = /etc/printcap
    #obtain list of printers automatically on SystemV
;    printcap name = lpstat
;    printing = cups

# --------------------------- Filesystem Options ---------------------------
#
# The following options can be uncommented if the filesystem supports
# Extended Attributes and they are enabled (usually by the mount option
# user_xattr). Thess options will let the admin store the DOS attributes
# in an EA and make samba not mess with the permission bits.
#
# Note: these options can also be set just per share, setting them in global
# makes them the default for all shares

;    map archive = no
;    map hidden = no
;    map read only = no
;    map system = no
;    store dos attributes = yes


#============================ Share Definitions ==============================

[homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    browseable = no
    writable = yes
;    valid users = %S
;    valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S

[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    path = /var/spool/samba
    browseable = no
    guest ok = no
    writable = no
    printable = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
;    [netlogon]
;    comment = Network Logon Service
;    path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
;    guest ok = yes
;    writable = no
;    share modes = no


# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;    [Profiles]
;    path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
;    browseable = no
;    guest ok = yes


# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
;    [public]
;    comment = Public Stuff
;    path = /home/samba
;    public = yes
;    writable = yes
;    printable = no
;    write list = +staff
[sun]
comment = sunpengqi
path = /home/sun
browseable = yes
readonly = no
writable = yes
valid users =sun
;guest ok = yes
;guest ok = no

[public]
comment = sunpengqi
path = /home/public
public = yes
writable = yes
guest ok = yes
;valid users = "root" ,@"everyone","admin" ,"guest"

下面我们的samba就配置好了，就这样你的简单服务器就配置了一个雏形了，有了可以远程登录，有了yum，有了samab实现文件传输，你可以干你想干的一切了。
以上都是我亲身试验的，如果你看了有什么问题请给我发邮件，我会尽快给你解答的。