linux从2.6起就加入了一套新的驱动管理和注册的机制platform平台总线,是一条虚拟的总线,设备用platform_device表示,驱动用platform_driver进行注册。于传统的bus/device/driver机制相比,platform由内核进行统一管理,在驱动中使用资源,提高了代码的安全性和可移植性。
下面来看看内核时怎么注册platform总线的过程
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int __init platform_bus_init(void)
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{
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int error;
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early_platform_cleanup();
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error = device_register(&platform_bus);//注册了platform的设备
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if (error)
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return error;
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error = bus_register(&platform_bus_type);//注册了platform总线
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if (error)
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device_unregister(&platform_bus);
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return error;
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}
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struct device platform_bus = {
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.init_name = "platform",
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};
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struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {
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.name = "platform",
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.dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs,
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.match = platform_match,
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.uevent = platform_uevent,
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.pm = &platform_dev_pm_ops,
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};
其过程和总线的注册过程差不多,驱动和设备匹配后,调用platform的match函数。由传统的机制,也不难总结出platform的开发流程为
1、定义一个platform_device,并注册
2、定义一个platform_driver,并注册
定义platform_device过程
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struct platform_device *platform_device_alloc(const char *name, int id)
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{
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struct platform_object *pa;
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pa = kzalloc(sizeof(struct platform_object) + strlen(name), GFP_KERNEL);
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if (pa) {
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strcpy(pa->name, name);
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pa->pdev.name = pa->name;
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pa->pdev.id = id;
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device_initialize(&pa->pdev.dev);
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pa->pdev.dev.release = platform_device_release;
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arch_setup_pdev_archdata(&pa->pdev);
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}
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return pa ? &pa->pdev : NULL;
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}
下面首先来看看platform_device的注册过程
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struct platform_device {
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const char * name; //设备名
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int id; //设备ID
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struct device dev;
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u32 num_resources; //设备使用的资源的数目
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struct resource * resource; //设备使用的资源
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const struct platform_device_id *id_entry;
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/* MFD cell pointer */
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struct mfd_cell *mfd_cell;
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/* arch specific additions */
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struct pdev_archdata archdata;
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};
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struct resource {
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resource_size_t start;
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resource_size_t end;
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const char *name;
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unsigned long flags;
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struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;
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};
在struct resource结构中我们通常只关心start、end和flags这3个字段,分别表示资源的开始值、结束值和类型,flags可以用内存资源,IO资源,中断资源等。
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int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)
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{
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device_initialize(&pdev->dev);//dev初始化
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arch_setup_pdev_archdata(pdev);
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return platform_device_add(pdev);//加入到dev链表
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}
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int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)
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{
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int i, ret = 0;
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if (!pdev)
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return -EINVAL;
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if (!pdev->dev.parent)
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pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;//父设备设置为platform_bus
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pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;//设备挂载在platforrm总线上
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if (pdev->id != -1)
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dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name, pdev->id);
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else
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dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s", pdev->name);
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for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) { //完成资源的初始化
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struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i];
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if (r->name == NULL)
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r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);
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p = r->parent;
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if (!p) {
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if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM)
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p = &iomem_resource;
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else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)
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p = &ioport_resource;
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}
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if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {
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printk(KERN_ERR
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"%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",
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dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);
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ret = -EBUSY;
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goto failed;
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}
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}
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pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n",
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dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));
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ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);
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if (ret == 0)
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return ret;
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failed:
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while (--i >= 0) {
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struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
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unsigned long type = resource_type(r);
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if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
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release_resource(r);
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}
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return ret;
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}
其上最后也是调用device_add的,其主要是将device加入到bus总线中,并由device_attach完成设备与驱动之间的匹配,这个过程在设备一篇中已经有详细的分析过程中,再看看驱动的注册过程。
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struct platform_driver {
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int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
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int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
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void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
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int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
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int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
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struct device_driver driver;
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const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
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};
可见,它包含了设备操作的功能函数,同时包含了device_driver结构。内核提供的platform_driver结构的注册为
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int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)
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{
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drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;//注册到总线上,drv与dev匹配通过platform_bus_type注册的platform_match完成
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if (drv->probe)
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drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
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if (drv->remove)
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drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
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if (drv->shutdown)
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drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
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return driver_register(&drv->driver);
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}
其注册函数中比较重要的还是调用了driver_register,添加到platform总线链表,完成设备与驱动之间的匹配过程,其主要的过程在总线设备驱动模型的驱动篇已经有过分析。
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int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)
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{
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int ret;
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struct device_driver *other;
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BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);
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if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||
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(drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||
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(drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))
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printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "
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"bus_type methods\n", drv->name);
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other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);
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if (other) {
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put_driver(other);
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printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "
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"aborting...\n", drv->name);
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return -EBUSY;
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}
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ret = bus_add_driver(drv);
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if (ret)
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return ret;
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ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
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if (ret)
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bus_remove_driver(drv);
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return ret;
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}
下面看看看驱动和设备的匹配过程,由以前可以看出,主要是调用bus的match函数来完成匹配。
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static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
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{
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struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
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struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
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/* Attempt an OF style match first */
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if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
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return 1;
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/* Then try to match against the id table */
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if (pdrv->id_table)
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return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;
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/* fall-back to driver name match */
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return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
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}
由上面可以看出,只需要比较dev的名字和drv的名字,如果是相同的话就匹配成功。
在platform的设备驱动的编写有两种方法:
1、在bsp版文件中实现定义,在文件中将platform_device被化为一个数组,最后通过platform_add_devices函数注册。对于2440来说位于arch\arm\mach-s3c2440\mach-smdk2440.c中定义
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static struct platform_device *smdk2440_devices[] __initdata = {
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&s3c_device_usb,
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&s3c_device_lcd,
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&s3c_device_wdt,
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&s3c_device_i2c,
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&s3c_device_iis,
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};
如果我们要实现一个设备的添加,那么只需要加入一个struct platform_device的数组,然后只需要编写对应的platform_driver驱动程序就可以了。从这种方法可以看出,存在一个很明显的缺点,如果要改写驱动,就要重新的编译内核。
2、第二种方法只需要单独编写一个内核模块加载到内核中。
device文件:platform_dev.c
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struct platform_device *my_led_dev;
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static int __init platform_dev_init(void)
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{
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int ret;
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//分配一个 platform_device结构体
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my_led_dev = platform_device_alloc("platform_led", -1);
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ret = platform_device_add(my_led_dev);//将自定义的设备添加到内核设备架构中
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if(ret)
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platform_device_put(my_led_dev);//销毁platform设备结构
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return ret;
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}
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static void __exit platform_dev_exit(void)
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{
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platform_device_unregister(my_led_dev);//注销platform_device
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}
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module_init(platform_dev_init);
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module_exit(platform_dev_exit);
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MODULE_AUTHOR("Sola");
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MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
drv文件:platform_drv.c
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static int s3c6410_led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
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{
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unsigned tmp;
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMCON);
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tmp = (tmp & ~(0xFFFF))|(0x1111U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMCON);
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return 0;
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}
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-
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static int s3c6410_led_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
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{
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return 0;
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}
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static int s3c6410_led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
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{
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printk("#########read######\n");
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return count;
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}
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static int s3c6410_led_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
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{
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char wbuf[10];
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unsigned tmp;
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copy_from_user(wbuf,buf,count);
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if(wbuf[0]==1)//1号灯亮
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switch(wbuf[1])
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{
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case 0: //off
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp |= (0x1U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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case 1: //on
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp &= ~(0x1U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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default :
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break;
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}
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if(wbuf[0]==2)//2号灯亮
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switch(wbuf[1])
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{
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case 0: //off
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp |= (0x2U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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case 1: //on
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp &= ~(0x2U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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default :
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break;
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}
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if(wbuf[0]==3)//3号灯亮
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switch(wbuf[1])
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{
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case 0: //off
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp |= (0x4U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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case 1: //on
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp &= ~(0x4U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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default :
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break;
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}
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if(wbuf[0]==4)//4号灯亮
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switch(wbuf[1])
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{
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case 0: //off
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp |= (0x8U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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case 1: //on
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tmp = readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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tmp &= ~(0x8U);
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writel(tmp, S3C64XX_GPMDAT);
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break;
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default :
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break;
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}
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return count;
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}
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-
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static struct file_operations led_fops = {
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.owner = THIS_MODULE,
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.open = s3c6410_led_open,
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.release = s3c6410_led_close,
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.read = s3c6410_led_read,
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.write = s3c6410_led_write,
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};
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-
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static int my_plat_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
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{
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int rc;
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printk("Test platform_led dev\n");
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//注册设备
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rc = register_chrdev(LED_MAJOR,"platform_led",&led_fops);
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if (rc <0)
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{
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printk ("register %s char dev error\n","led");
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return -1;
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}
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printk ("ok!\n");
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return 0;
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}
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static int my_plat_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
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{
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printk("my platfrom device has removed.\n");
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return 0;
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}
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struct platform_driver my_led_drv = {
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.probe = my_plat_probe,
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.remove = my_plat_remove,
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.driver = {
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.owner = THIS_MODULE,
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.name = "platform_led",
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},
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};
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static int __init platform_drv_init(void)
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{
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int ret;
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ret = platform_driver_register(&my_led_drv);
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return ret;
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}
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static void __exit platform_drv_exit(void)
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{
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platform_driver_unregister(&my_led_drv);
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}
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module_init(platform_drv_init);
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module_exit(platform_drv_exit);
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MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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