2012年（36）
分类：
2012-06-15 14:56:33
原文地址：shell if 语句的用法 作者：xu_liuzhen
| if 条件 then Command else Command fi 别忘了这个结尾 |
| If语句忘了结尾fi test.sh: line 14: syntax error: unexpected end of fi |
| if command then if 函数 then | 命令执行成功，等于返回0 （比如grep ,找到匹配） 执行失败，返回非0 （grep,没找到匹配） |
| if [ expression_r_r_r ] then | 表达式结果为真，则返回0，if把0值引向then |
| if test expression_r_r_r then | 表达式结果为假，则返回非0，if把非0值引向then |
| [ -f "/etc/shadow" ] && echo "This computer uses shadow passwors" |
| && 可以理解为then 如果左边的表达式为真则执行右边的语句 |
| shell if | c语言if |
| 0为真，走then | 正好相反，非0走then |
| 不支持整数变量直接if 必须:if [ i –ne 0 ] 但支持字符串变量直接if if [ str ] 如果字符串非0 | 支持变量直接if if (i ) |
| echo –n “input:” read user if 多条指令,这些命令之间相当于“and”（与） grep $user /etc/passwd >/tmp/null who -u | grep $user then 上边的指令都执行成功,返回值$?为0，0为真，运行then echo "$user has logged" else 指令执行失败，$?为1，运行else echo "$user has not logged" fi |
| # sh test.sh input : macg macg pts/0 May 15 15:55 . 2075 (192.168.1.100) macg has logged # sh test.sh input : ddd ddd has not logged |
| if 以函数作为if条件， getyn then 函数reture值0为真，走then echo " your answer is yes" else 函数return值非0为假，走else echo "your anser is no" fi |
| $ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh if cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 then echo found else echo "no found" fi | $ vi testsh.sh #!/bin/sh cat 111-tmp.txt | grep ting1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo $? echo found else echo $? echo "no found" fi |
| $ sh testsh.sh no found | $ sh testsh.sh 1 no found |
| $ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file found | $ vi 111-tmp.txt that is 222file thisting1 is 111file $ sh testsh.sh thisting1 is 111file 0 found |
| if [ a = b ] ;then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 no equal （等于表达式没比较$a和$b,而是比较和a和b,自然a!=b) |
| if [ $a = $b ] ;then echo equal else echo no equal fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 5 input b: 5 equal |
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo -n "input your choice:" read var if [ $var -eq "yes" ] then echo $var fi [macg@machome ~]$ sh -x test.sh input your choice: y test.sh: line 3: test: y: integer expression_r_r_r expected 期望整数形式，即-eq不支持字符串 |
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a echo "input is $a" if [ $a = 123 ] ; then echo equal123 fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 input is 123 equal123 |
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var="yes" ] then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi | [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read var if [ $var = "yes" ] 在等号两边加空格 then echo $var echo "input is correct" else echo $var echo "input error" fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input is correct [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n n input is correct 输错了也走then,都走then,为什么? 因为if把$var="yes"连读成一个变量，而此变量为空，返回1，则走else | [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y input error [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no no input error 一切正常 |
| echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS ] then echo no empty else echo empth fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: 回车 empth 说明“回车”就是空串 [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: 34 no empty |
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input a:" read a if [ $a -ge 100 ] ; then echo 3bit else echo 2bit fi |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 20 2bit |
| if test $a ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh test.sh: line 4: test: ge: binary operator expected |
| if test $a -ge 100 ; then [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input a: 123 3bit |
| [macg@mac-home ~]$ vi test.sh : echo "input the num:" read num echo "input is $num" if [ -z "$JHHOME" -a -d $HOME/$num ] 如果变量$JHHOME为空，且$HOME/$num目录存在 then JHHOME=$HOME/$num 则赋值 fi echo "JHHOME is $JHHOME" |
| ----------------------- [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is 目录-d $HOME/$num 不存在，所以$JHHOME没被then赋值 |
| [macg@mac-home ~]$ mkdir ppp [macg@mac-home ~]$ sh test.sh input the num: ppp input is ppp JHHOME is /home/macg/ppp |
| echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS="Yes" -o $ANS="yes" -o $ANS="y" -o $ANS="Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: n y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no y 为什么输入不是yes,结果仍是y(走then） 因为=被连读了，成了变量$ANS="Yes"，而变量又为空，所以走else了 |
| [macg@machome ~]$ vi test.sh echo "input your choice:" read ANS echo "input your choice:" read ANS if [ $ANS = "Yes" -o $ANS = "yes" -o $ANS = "y" -o $ANS = "Y" ] then ANS="y" else ANS="n" fi echo $ANS |
| [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: no n [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: yes y [macg@machome ~]$ sh test.sh input your choice: y y |
| [macg@machome ~]$ man test [(1) User Commands [(1) SYNOPSIS test EXPRESSION [ EXPRESSION ] [-n] STRING the length of STRING is nonzero -n和直接$str都是非0条件 -z STRING the length of STRING is zero STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2 FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2 FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2 -b FILE FILE exists and is block special -c FILE FILE exists and is character special -d FILE FILE exists and is a directory -e FILE FILE exists 文件存在 -f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file 文件存在且是普通文件 -h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L) -L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h) -G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID -O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID -p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe -s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero -S FILE FILE exists and is a socket -w FILE FILE exists and is writable -x FILE FILE exists and is executable |
| && 如果是“前面”，则“后面” [ -f /var/run/dhcpd.pid ] && rm /var/run/dhcpd.pid 检查 文件是否存在，如果存在就删掉 |
| || 如果不是“前面”，则后面 [ -f /usr/sbin/dhcpd ] || exit 0 检验文件是否存在，如果存在就退出 |
