Linux 上创建线程一般使用的是 pthread 库 实际上 libc 也给我们提供了创建线程的函数 那就是 clone
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int clone(int (*fn)(void *),
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void *child_stack,
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int flags, void *arg, ...
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/* pid_t *ptid, struct user_desc *tls, pid_t *ctid */ );
man 手册里面说的很清楚这个函数存在的意义就是实现 线程 当然这个函数不是 linux 的系统调用,而是对系统调用的封装 。
首先需要给新的线程创建个堆栈 ,使用函数 mmap ,这函数常用来完成文件映射 这里分配内存也是可以的
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void *pstack = (void *)mmap(NULL,
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STACK_SIZE,
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PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE ,
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MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_ANON ,//| MAP_GROWSDOWN ,
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-1,
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0);
通过指定 MAP_ANONYMOUS 标识 系统就不会创建文件映射 而仅仅分配内存
注意堆栈不要太小了 不然会溢出的 。。
然后调用 clone 函数
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ret = clone(thread_func,
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(void *)((unsigned char *)pstack + STACK_SIZE),
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CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_SIGHAND | SIGCHLD,
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(void *)NULL);
注意堆栈是向下增长的 所以指定对战的内存的时候 要使用分配内存的尾部的指针
几个标识的意义
CLONE_VM (0x100)tells the kernel to let the original process and the clone in the same memory space;
CLONE_FS (0x200)both get the same file system information;
CLONE_FILES (0x400)share file descriptors;
CLONE_SIGHAND (0x800)both processes share the same signal handlers;
CLONE_THREAD (0x10000) this tells the kernel, that both processes
would belong to the same thread group (be threads within the same
process);
在线程函数中 直接 return 就可以退出线程了。。。。
使用 clone 的时候 指定 CLONE_THREAD 那么以后就不能使用 wait 来等待这个线程了 相当于 deteched .了。。。
查看man 手册可以看到
A new thread created with CLONE_THREAD has the same parent process
as the caller of clone() (i.e., like CLONE_PARENT), so that calls to
getppid(2) return the same value for all of the threads in a thread
group. When a CLONE_THREAD thread terminates, the thread that created
it using clone() is not sent a SIGCHLD (or other termination) signal;
nor can the status of such a thread be obtained using wait(2).
(The thread is said to be detached.)
下面是我测试的代码
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#define _GNU_SOURCE /* or _BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE */
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#include <unistd.h>
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#include <sys/syscall.h> /* For SYS_xxx definitions */
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sched.h>
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#include <sys/mman.h>
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#include <signal.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <errno.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include <sys/wait.h>
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#define STACK_SIZE 1024*1024*8 //8M
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int thread_func(void *lparam)
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{
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printf("thread id %d \n", (int)syscall(SYS_gettid));
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printf("thread get param : %d \n", (int)lparam);
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sleep(1);
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return 0;
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}
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void child_handler(int sig)
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{
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printf("I got a SIGCHLD\n");
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}
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int main(int argc, char **argv)
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{
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setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
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signal(SIGCHLD, child_handler);
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//signal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
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void *pstack = (void *)mmap(NULL,
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STACK_SIZE,
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PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE ,
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MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_ANON ,//| MAP_GROWSDOWN ,
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-1,
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0);
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if (MAP_FAILED != pstack)
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{
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int ret;
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printf("strace addr : 0x%X\n", (int)pstack);
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/*
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CLONE_VM (0x100) - tells the kernel to let the original process and the clone in the same memory space;
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CLONE_FS (0x200) - both get the same file system information;
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CLONE_FILES (0x400) - share file descriptors;
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CLONE_SIGHAND (0x800) - both processes share the same signal handlers;
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CLONE_THREAD (0x10000) - this tells the kernel, that both processes would belong to the same thread group (be threads within the same process);
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*/
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ret = clone(thread_func,
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(void *)((unsigned char *)pstack + STACK_SIZE),
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CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_SIGHAND |SIGCHLD,
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(void *)NULL);
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if (-1 != ret)
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{
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pid_t pid = 0;
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printf("start thread %d \n", ret);
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sleep(5);
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pid = waitpid(-1, NULL, __WCLONE | __WALL);
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printf("child : %d exit %s\n", pid,strerror(errno));
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}
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else
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{
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printf("clone failed %s\n", strerror(errno) );
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}
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}
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else
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{
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printf("mmap() failed %s\n", strerror(errno));
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}
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return 0;
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}
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