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分类: LINUX

2013-11-26 10:50:08

Linux 上创建线程一般使用的是 pthread 库  实际上 libc 也给我们提供了创建线程的函数  那就是 clone


  1. int clone(int (*fn)(void *),
  2.            void *child_stack,
  3.            int flags, void *arg, ...
  4.            /* pid_t *ptid, struct user_desc *tls, pid_t *ctid */ );

man 手册里面说的很清楚这个函数存在的意义就是实现 线程  当然这个函数不是 linux 的系统调用,而是对系统调用的封装 。    


    首先需要给新的线程创建个堆栈 ,使用函数 mmap ,这函数常用来完成文件映射  这里分配内存也是可以的


  1. void *pstack = (void *)mmap(NULL,
  2.                             STACK_SIZE,
  3.                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE ,
  4.                             MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_ANON ,//| MAP_GROWSDOWN ,
  5.                             -1,
  6.                             0);
通过指定  MAP_ANONYMOUS 标识  系统就不会创建文件映射 而仅仅分配内存


注意堆栈不要太小了  不然会溢出的 。。

然后调用 clone 函数

  1. ret = clone(thread_func,
  2.             (void *)((unsigned char *)pstack + STACK_SIZE),
  3.             CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_SIGHAND | SIGCHLD,
  4.             (void *)NULL);


注意堆栈是向下增长的  所以指定对战的内存的时候 要使用分配内存的尾部的指针

几个标识的意义
CLONE_VM  (0x100)tells the kernel to let the original process and the clone in the same memory space;
CLONE_FS (0x200)both get the same file system information;
CLONE_FILES (0x400)share file descriptors;
CLONE_SIGHAND (0x800)both processes share the same signal handlers;
CLONE_THREAD (0x10000) this tells the kernel, that both processes would belong to the same thread group (be threads within the same process); 

在线程函数中 直接  return 就可以退出线程了。。。。

  使用 clone 的时候 指定 CLONE_THREAD 那么以后就不能使用 wait 来等待这个线程了 相当于 deteched .了。。。
查看man 手册可以看到

A new thread created with CLONE_THREAD has the same parent process as the caller of clone() (i.e., like CLONE_PARENT), so that calls  to getppid(2)  return the same value for all of the threads in a thread group.  When a CLONE_THREAD thread terminates, the thread that created it using clone() is not sent a SIGCHLD (or other termination) signal; nor can the  status  of  such  a  thread  be  obtained  using wait(2).  (The thread is said to be detached.)

下面是我测试的代码


  1. #define _GNU_SOURCE /* or _BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE */
  2. #include <unistd.h>
  3. #include <sys/syscall.h> /* For SYS_xxx definitions */
  4. #include <sys/types.h>
  5. #include <sched.h>
  6. #include <sys/mman.h>
  7. #include <signal.h>
  8. #include <stdio.h>
  9. #include <errno.h>
  10. #include <string.h>
  11. #include <sys/wait.h>

  12. #define STACK_SIZE 1024*1024*8 //8M

  13. int thread_func(void *lparam)
  14. {
  15.     printf("thread id %d \n", (int)syscall(SYS_gettid));
  16.     printf("thread get param : %d \n", (int)lparam);
  17.     sleep(1);
  18.     return 0;
  19. }


  20. void child_handler(int sig)
  21. {
  22.     printf("I got a SIGCHLD\n");
  23. }

  24. int main(int argc, char **argv)
  25. {
  26.     setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
  27.     signal(SIGCHLD, child_handler);
  28.     //signal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);

  29.     void *pstack = (void *)mmap(NULL,
  30.                                 STACK_SIZE,
  31.                                 PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE ,
  32.                                 MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_ANON ,//| MAP_GROWSDOWN ,
  33.                                 -1,
  34.                                 0);
  35.     if (MAP_FAILED != pstack)
  36.     {
  37.         int ret;
  38.         printf("strace addr : 0x%X\n", (int)pstack);
  39.         /*
  40.         CLONE_VM (0x100) - tells the kernel to let the original process and the clone in the same memory space;
  41.         CLONE_FS (0x200) - both get the same file system information;
  42.         CLONE_FILES (0x400) - share file descriptors;
  43.         CLONE_SIGHAND (0x800) - both processes share the same signal handlers;
  44.         CLONE_THREAD (0x10000) - this tells the kernel, that both processes would belong to the same thread group (be threads within the same process);
  45.         */
  46.         ret = clone(thread_func,
  47.                     (void *)((unsigned char *)pstack + STACK_SIZE),
  48.                     CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_SIGHAND |SIGCHLD,
  49.                     (void *)NULL);
  50.         if (-1 != ret)
  51.         {
  52.             pid_t pid = 0;
  53.             printf("start thread %d \n", ret);
  54.             sleep(5);
  55.             pid = waitpid(-1, NULL, __WCLONE | __WALL);
  56.             printf("child : %d exit %s\n", pid,strerror(errno));
  57.         }
  58.         else
  59.         {
  60.             printf("clone failed %s\n", strerror(errno) );
  61.         }
  62.     }
  63.     else
  64.     {
  65.         printf("mmap() failed %s\n", strerror(errno));
  66.     }
  67.     return 0;
  68. }



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