嵌入式移植三部曲 付伟贺

嵌入式移植三部曲

  姓名：付伟贺  班级：09应用2班 学号：0906042035

一．Bootloader的移植

二．linux的移植

三．根文件系统的移植

 

 

一．Bootloader的移植

交叉编译器：arm-linux-gcc2.95.3

1．编辑u-boot根目录中的Makefile文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit Makefile

 2.复制必要的文件，编辑ok2410.h头文件

 3.编辑board/ok2410/Makefile文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/Makefile

 4.配置、编译u-boot

 [root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make ok2410_config

  Configuring for ok2410 board...

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make

5.编辑skyeye.conf文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit skyeye.conf

6.执行skyeye1.2.6

7.[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9873C  BSS: -> 33F9C814

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB

Flash: 512 kB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

 

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:  serial

fwh2410 #  

8.开始移植nand

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit cpu/arm920t/start.S

将从NOR Flash启动改成从NAND Flash启动。

9．修改board/ok2410/Makefile

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/Makefile

10．创建board/ok2410/nand_read.c文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/nand_read.c

11．编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit include/configs/ok2410.h

12．编译u-boot，然后测试u-boot是否可以从nand启动

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# ll u-boot*

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6                                //再次执行skyeye1.2.6

13．编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit include/configs/ok2410.h

14．编辑board/ok2410/ok2410.c文件

 [root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit common/cmd_nand.c

15．修改 common/cmd_nand.c文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/ok2410.c

16．编译、测试

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# ll u-boot*

 

二．linux的移植：

1.[root@localhost 嵌入式实验]# tar -xjvf linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2 -C ./

2.[root@localhost 嵌入式实验]#cd linux-2.6.14.7

3.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit Makefile

4.将

ARCH                ?= $(SUBARCH)

CROSS_COMPILE        ?=

改为

ARCH                ?= arm

CROSS_COMPILE        ?= /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-        // linux2.6.14的交叉编译器为gcc-3.4.1

5.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]#cp ../cs8900/cs8900.c drivers/net/arm/

6.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]#cp ../cs8900/cs8900.h drivers/net/arm/

7.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]#gedit drivers/net/arm/Kconfig  进行相应的修改

8.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]#gedit drivers/net/arm/Makefile

9.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c 进行相应的修改

10.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/smdk2410.h 

11.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c

12.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c

13.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c

14.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit fs/Kconfig

15.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp arch/arm/configs/smdk2410_defconfig .config

16.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make smdk2410_defconfig

17.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make menuconfig  进行配置内核

18.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make

出现了以下错误：

 [root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make

make: /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-：命令未找到

  CHK     include/linux/version.h

make[1]: “include/asm-arm/mach-types.h”是最新的。

  CC      arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s

/bin/sh: /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-: 没有那个文件或目录

make[1]: *** [arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s] 错误 1

make: *** [prepare0] 错误 2

 解决方法：编辑Makefile

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit Makefile 把文件中的CROSS_COMPILE 修改成绝对路径/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-

AS                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-as

LD                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-ld

CC                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-gcc

CPP                      = $(CC) -E

AR                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-ar

NM                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-nm

STRIP                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-strip

OBJCOPY                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-objcopy

OBJDUMP                      = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-objdump

19.18.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make

又出现了错误：

 [root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make

................

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:139: error: `superlpplatform' undeclared here (not in a function)

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:139: error: initializer element is not constant

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:139: error: (near initialization for `s3c_device_nand.dev.platform_data')

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:139: error: initializer element is not constant

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:139: error: (near initialization for `s3c_device_nand.dev')

make[1]: *** [arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.o] 错误 1

make: *** [arch/arm/mach-s3c2410] 错误 2

解决方法：

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c

把第11步的添加的文件添加到 该文件前面

 [root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c

................

#include

#include

 

#include

 

#include "devs.h"

 

/*nand */               ／＊添加到前面了＊／

#include

#include

#include

/* NAND Controller */

/************************ 建立Nand Flash分区表 ************************/

/* 一个Nand Flash总共64MB, 按如下大小进行分区 */

/*

name：代表分区名字

size：代表Flash分区大小（单位：字节）

offset：代表Flash分区的起始地址（相对于0x0的偏移）

*/

static struct mtd_partition partition_info[] =

{

20.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/

21.[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cd ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/

22.[root@localhost tools]# ./mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008000 -n linux-2.6.14.7 -d vmlinux uImage

23.[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage  ../

24.[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage /tftpboot/

25.[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tftpboot/

26.[root@localhost tools]# cp ../u-boot.bin /tftpboot/

27.[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tmp/nfs/

28.[root@localhost tools]# cd ..

29.[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

出现问题

TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x31000000

Loading: checksum bad

T T

此时应该关闭防火墙[root@localhost tools]# iptables -F

 

 

 

三．根文件系统的移植：

 出现的错误：

 1.在编译的时候[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make

undeclared here (not in a function)

networking/interface.c:818: error: initializer element is not constant

networking/interface.c:818: error: (near initialization for `ib_hwtype.type')

make[1]: *** [networking/interface.o] 错误 1

make: *** [networking] 错误 2

 解决方法：

此时应该需要编辑networking/interface.c文件。

将第818行的.type  = ARPHRD_INFINIBAND,改为        .type  = -1,再次执行make命令

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make

成功出现：

 You will probably need to make your busybox binary

setuid root to ensure all configured applets will

work properly.

2.执行[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6出现错误
Password: root
login[25]: root login on 'console'
login: cannot run /bin/bash: Exec format error
解决办法如下：
执行[root@localhost nfs]gedit etc/passwd
将：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
改为：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh

3.如果出现错误如下：

...

Irq: clearing subpending status 00000092

PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)

timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

解决方法：

重启文件系统：[root@localhost /]# service nfs restart

清除防火墙规则：[root@localhost /]# iptables -F

重启tftp服务：[root@localhost /]# service xinetd restart

 

******************************************************************

                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by fwh2011.6

******************************************************************

10.0.0.110 login: root

Password:

login[27]: root login on 'console'

 

Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path in /etc/profile

Set user path in /etc/profile

Configure net done

All Done

 

[root@fwh /root]#

 

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