1.什么是Ajax?
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(
异步JavaScript和XML )
一种创建交互式网页应用的网页开发技术
基于web标准(standards-based presentation)XHTML CSS的表示
使用 DOM(Document Object Model)进行动态显示及交互;
使用 XML 和 XSLT 进行数据交换及相关操作;
使用 XMLHttpRequest 进行异步数据查询、检索;
使用 JavaScript 将所有的东西绑定在一起
2.优势
①通过异步模式,提升了用户体验
②优化了浏览器和服务器之间的传输,减少不必要的数据往返,减少了带宽占用
例子:Google Maps!
3.创建ajax程序的基本流程(以验证用户名存在性为例子)
①在<script>中创建XMLHttpRequest对象
②使用XMLHttpRequest对象创建请求request对象
- var request;
- if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // Mozilla,...
- request = new XMLHttpRequest();
- }else if (window.ActiveXObject) { // IE
- request = new ActiveXObject(“Msxml2.XMLHTTP”);
- }
③监视response的状态,写回调函数处理服务器返回的数据
- function checkme(){
- //得到文本框值
- var name=document.all.stname.value;
- //把 name发给 servlet 或 jsp 防止缓存 加上一个 r=0.7649321
- request.open("get","check?stname=" name "&r=" Math.random());
- request.send(null);
- }
④使用XMLHttpRequest对象发送请求 使用事件触发
- request.onreadystatechange = sendName;
- function sendName(){
- if(request.readyState==4){ //接收完毕
- //数据呢?
- var fhz=request.responseText;
-
- if(fhz=="true"){ //用户存在了
- document.all.info.innerHTML="用户名已存在";
- document.all.info.style.color="red";
- }else{
- document.all.info.innerHTML="用户名可用";
- document.all.info.style.color="green";
- }
- }
- }
4.两个应用——验证用户存在否,动态加下拉列表
1)注册 zhuce.jsp
- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%>
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>My JSP 'zhuce.jsp' starting page</title>
- <script>
- //学会 ajax 一个对象 XMLHttpRequest
- // 两个方法 open(),send() 两个属性 readyState ,responseText 一个事件 onreadystatechange
- var request=new XMLHttpRequest(); //注意这行只在ie7 --10 firefox 谷歌
- //给request 加一个事件
- request.onreadystatechange = getSheng;
-
- function checkme(){
- //得到文本框值
- var name=document.all.stname.value;
- //把 name发给 servlet 或 jsp 防止缓存 加上一个 r=0.7649321
- request.open("get","check?stname=" name "&r=" Math.random());
- request.send(null);
- }
-
- function sendName(){
- if(request.readyState==4){ //接收完毕
- //数据呢?
- var fhz=request.responseText;
-
- if(fhz=="true"){ //用户存在了
- document.all.info.innerHTML="用户名已存在";
- document.all.info.style.color="red";
- }else{
- document.all.info.innerHTML="用户名可用";
- document.all.info.style.color="green";
- }
- }
- }
-
- //初始化省列表
- function initsheng(){
- request.open("get","test?r=" Math.random());
- request.send(null);
- }
-
-
- function getSheng(){
- if(request.readyState==4){ //接收完毕
- var fhz=request.responseText;
- eval("var sz=" fhz);
-
- for(var i in sz){
- //动态加下拉列表
- var op=new Option(sz[i],sz[i]);
- document.all.sheng.options.add(op);
- }
- }
- }
- </script>
- </head>
-
- <body onload="initsheng()">
- 用户名<input type="text" id="stname" onblur="checkme()" />
- <span id="info"></span>
- <hr/>
- <select id="sheng">
- <option>请选择一个省</option>
- </select>
-
- </body>
- </html>
2.CheckNameServlet.java
- package servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import dao.UserDao;
- /**
- * 检查用户名是否重复的servlet
- * @author YC
- *
- */
- public class CheckNameServlet extends HttpServlet {
- UserDao dao=new UserDao();
-
- public void destroy() {
- super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
- // Put your code here
- }
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
-
- String name=request.getParameter("stname");
- System.out.println("得到你要检查的名字" name);
-
- boolean ok=dao.checkUser(name);
- response.setContentType("text/html");
- PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
- out.print(ok); //向网页返回数据 一定是string型的
- out.flush();
- out.close();
- }
- public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- // fix 修改过
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- /**
- * Initialization of the servlet.
- *
- * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
- */
- public void init() throws ServletException {
- // Put your code here
- }
- }
3.TestServlet.java
- package servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import com.google.gson.Gson;
- import dao.UserDao;
- /**
- * 省ajax json动态下拉列表
- * @author YC
- *
- */
- public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
- UserDao dao=new UserDao();
-
- public void destroy() {
- super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
- // Put your code here
- }
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
-
- response.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
- response.setContentType("text/html");
- PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
-
- System.out.println("----------");
- String ok[]= dao.getAllSheng();
- Gson gson=new Gson();
- String fh= gson.toJson(ok);
- out.print(fh);
-
-
- out.flush();
- out.close();
- }
- public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- // fix 修改过
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- /**
- * Initialization of the servlet.
- *
- * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
- */
- public void init() throws ServletException {
- // Put your code here
- }
- }
4.UserDAO.java
- package dao;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- public class UserDao {
-
- /**
- * 检查用户名是否合法
- * @param name
- * @return
- */
- public boolean checkUser(String name){
-
- List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
- list.add("fix");
- list.add("xiaoxin");
- list.add("world");
-
- if (list.contains(name)) {
- return true; //在列表中存在
- }else{
- return false;
- }
- }
-
- public String[] getAllSheng(){
- String mp[] = {"安徽","北京","福建","甘肃","广东","广西","贵州","海南","河北","河南","黑龙江","湖北","湖南","吉林","江苏","江西","辽宁","内蒙古","宁夏","青海","山东","山西","陕西","上海","四川","天津","西藏","新疆","云南","浙江","重庆"};
- return mp;
- }
- }
1)自动查询:是指网页上执行一定的客户端操作之后,在客户端不刷新的情况下,得到服务器端自动查询数据库后的内容,查询过程是异步进行。当然,能够利用AJAX技术实现。如自动补齐、验证用户名等。
2)按需取数据:也是在网页上执行一定的客户端操作之后,能够根据需要在服务器端自动获取相应内容,但是客户端不刷新,所有查询过程都是异步进行。在注册表单中,选择不同的省份后显示该省份的城市。
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