Linux 利用 Nginx架设高性能的Web环境

实验环境
Centos4.5
pcre-7.8.tar.gz    正则表达式
下载地址：
nginx-0.7.26.tar
下载地址：    
php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
下载地址：
php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz
php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi
下载地址：
注：PHP的版本要和fpm的版本一致
mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz
Discuz!_6.0.0_SC_UTF8.zip
1、安装pcre
# tar -zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
# cd pcre-7.8
# ./configure
# make && make install
2、安装nginx
# tar -zxvf nginx-0.7.26.tar.gz
# cd nginx-0.7.26
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
# make && make install
启动nginx
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止nginx
# kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
重启nginx
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
添加到自启动
# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx">>/etc/rc.local
3、安装mysql
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.67
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all --enable-hread-safe-client --enable-local-infile --with-low-memory
# make && make install
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf   /etc/my.cnf
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/
启动数据库服务，并添加到自启动
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
#cp   support-files/mysql.server   /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chmod   755   /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
加入自动启动服务队列：
#chkconfig --add mysqld
#chkconfig   --level   345   mysqld   on
添加root密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
测试一下：
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
输入密码：123456，看能不能进入到数据库

配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql">>/etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
# ldconfig -v
添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中
#echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile
#source /etc/profile
4、安装PHP
这里产生的是可执行文件，和apache的不一样，和apache结合的时候产生的是动态库
# tar -jxvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
# gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz |patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
# cd php-5.2.6
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-force-cgi-redirect
# make && make install
# cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
# vi /usr/local/php/php-fpm.conf
(1)127.0.0.1:9000
修改为IP:9000   //本机就用默认的127.0.0.1
(2)下面这两行去掉注释并修改                      
/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
1
(3)nobody //去注释
(4)nobody   //去注释
(5)127.0.0.1 //允许连接的PC，本机就用127.0.0.1
启动php-fpm
# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
添加到自启动
# echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start">>/etc/rc.local

5、修改nginx的配置文件，支持PHP
# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user   nobody;
worker_processes   8;
pid   /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
http{
include    mime.types;
default_type   application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
   
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush     on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length   1k;
gzip_buffers     4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types    text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

server {
       listen    80;
       server_name  ;
       root /var/www/blog;
       index   index.html index.htm index.php;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
         root           html;
         fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
         fastcgi_index   index.php;
         fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME   /var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name;
         include        fastcgi_params;
       }
   location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
    expires    30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
    expires    1h;
}
log_format   access   '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
         '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
         '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log   /var/logs/access.log   access;
}
}
注：
server部分为PHP虚拟主机
127.0.0.1：9000为fastcgi的PC，我这里用的本机
/var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name; 为PHP网页保存的目录
测试配置文件：
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

6、优化Linux内核参数
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000

使配置立即生效：
# /sbin/sysctl -p