cisco 路由器 standby 用法

R1 S0:10.1.1.1/24

 

R2 E0: 172.12.23.2/24 S0: 10.1.1.2

 

R3 E0: 172.12.23.3/24 S0: 10.1.1.3

 

Virtual Router 172.12.23.10/24

 

 

初始配置

R1:

 

conf t

 

int s0

 

encap f

 

no arp f

 

no frame inver

 

ip ad 10.1.1.1. 255.255.255.0

 

frame map ip 10.1.1.2 102 b

 

frame map ip 10.1.1.3 103 b

 

no shut

 

end

 

 

R2

 

conf t

 

int s0

 

encap f

 

no arp

 

no frame inver

 

ip ad 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

 

frame map ip 10.1.1.1 201 b

 

frame map ip 10.1.1.3 201 b

 

no shut

 

exit

 

int e 0

 

ip ad 172.12.23.2 255.255.255.0

 

no shut

 

 

end

 

R3

 

conf t

 

int s 0

 

encap f

 

ip ad 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0

 

no arp f

 

no frame inver

 

frame map ip 10.1.1.1 301 b

 

frame map ip 10.1.1.2 301 b

 

no shut

 

exit

 

int e 0

 

ip ad 172.12.23.3 255.255.255.0

 

no shut

 

end

 

 

 

配置基本的HSRP

 

 

R2

 

conf t

 

int e 0

 

standby 2 ip 172.12.23.10

 

exit

 

 

R3

 

conf t

 

int e 0

 

standby 2 ip 172.12.23.10

 

exit

 

 

校验

 

R2#sh stand
Ethernet1/0 - Group 2
State is Active
    2 state changes, last state change 00:02:47
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02   
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02 (default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 0.208 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 172.12.23.3, priority 100 (expires in 9.316 sec)
Priority 100 (default 100)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et1/0-2" (default)

 

 

R3#sh standby
Ethernet1/0 - Group 2
State is Standby
    1 state change, last state change 00:00:57
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02 (default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 2.472 secs
Preemption disabled
Active router is 172.12.23.2, priority 100 (expires in 7.368 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 100 (default 100)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et1/0-2" (default)

 

 

Virtual router的Virtual MAC地址用十六进制表示为00－00－0C－07－AC-XX，其中XX就是所定义的Group序号。本例中Group序号为2，所以Virtual MAC地址为0000.0c07.ac02

 

 

HSRP优先级设置

 

在上例中，R2为Active Router.如果想使R3成为Active Router，在R3上配置比R2高的优先级即可（默认为100，范围0～255）

 

conf t

 

int e 0

 

standby 2 priority 200

 

standby 2 preempt

 

end

 

 

在R3上只配置STANDBY 2 PRIORITY 200是不够的，因为并不会自动的改变Active 状态，所以参数preempt的作用就是强制将优先级高的变为Active状态。更改后在R3上做show standby校验，把结果和上面的校验比较一下。

 

R3#sh stand
Ethernet1/0 - Group 2
State is Active
    2 state changes, last state change 00:00:19
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02 (default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 1.248 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 172.12.23.2, priority 100 (expires in 9.468 sec)
Priority 200 (configured 200)
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et1/0-2" (default)

 

 

下面来讨论standby track 的用法

 

R3

 

conf t

 

int e 0

 

standby 2 track s 0

 

exit

 

 

 

当设置Track的端口DOWN掉的时候，此设备的HSRP优先级会自动降低。继续在R3上配置

 

int s 0

 

shut

 

end

 

现在我们来看看R3上的校验

 

R3#sh stand
Ethernet1/0 - Group 2
State is Active
    1 state change, last state change 00:04:23
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02 (default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 0.860 secs
Preemption enabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 172.12.23.2, priority 100 (expires in 8.804 sec)
Priority 190 (configured 200)
    Track interface Serial2/0 state Down decrement 10
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et1/0-2" (default)

 

 

优先级默认降低10，也可自行配置，命令是

 

standby track s 0 <1~255>

 

 

 

配置HSRP验证和时钟

 

R2

 

conf t

 

int e 0

 

standby 2 authentication ccie

 

standby 2 timers 10 20

 

end

 

 

R3

 

conf t

 

int e 0

 

standby 2 authentication ccie

 

standby 2 time 10 20

 

end

 

 

验证最多为8个字符，默认为cisco.

 

timers后第一个时间间隔为HELLO TIME，默认为3，范围1～255 单位是second

 

timers后第二个时间间隔为HOLD TIME，默认为10，范围1～255，但必须比HELLO TIME大，如果设置错误，系统会有提示。单位是second.

 

 

校验

 

R2#sh stand
Ethernet1/0 - Group 2
State is Standby
    7 state changes, last state change 00:10:01
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02 (default)
Hello time 10 sec, hold time 20 sec
    Next hello sent in 7.056 secs
Authentication text "ccie"
Preemption disabled
Active router is 172.12.23.3, priority 190 (expires in 16.156 sec)
Standby router is local
Priority 100 (default 100)
    Track interface Serial2/0 state Up decrement 10
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et1/0-2" (default)

 

 

R3#sh stand
Ethernet1/0 - Group 2
State is Active
    1 state change, last state change 00:27:44
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac02 (default)
Hello time 10 sec, hold time 20 sec
    Next hello sent in 2.104 secs
Authentication text "ccie"
Preemption enabled
Active router is local
Standby router is 172.12.23.2, priority 100 (expires in 13.036 sec)
Priority 190 (configured 200)
    Track interface Serial2/0 state Down decrement 10
IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Et1/0-2" (default)