2012年(464)
分类: Delphi
2012-05-16 14:43:51
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international
marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the
members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables:
language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics,
technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an
international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture.
To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes
only through experience.
Even the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which
has been consistently more pessimistic than most economists (see chart), has
slashed its forecasts for the surplus. The fund now expects it to dip to only
2.3% of GDP this year, and then to rise gradually to just above 4% of GDP by
2017 (compared with predictions in April 2011 of 6.3% and 8%, respectively). It
may still be overegging things, even so. The IMF assumes that China’s real
trade-weighted exchange rate will remain constant over the period.
The most
complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact
that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist
in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that
business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and
McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural
differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that
companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up
policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ
transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The
major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is
not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the
international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or
more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all
share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but
rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business
principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and
know your customer.
Above all, the culture does influence international
business to much degree. I am work in an
machinery company, every day foreigner dealers come here to select
machine. If we treat them out of place, the business is most likely to
fail.