分类: Mysql/postgreSQL
2012-08-30 21:37:44
MongoDB支持在多个机器中通过异步复制达到故障转移和实现冗余。多机器中同一时刻只有一台是用于写操作。正是由于这个情况,为MongoDB提供了数据一致性的保障。担当Primary角色的机器能把读操作分发给slave。
MongoDB 高可用可用分两种:
l Master-Slave 主从复制:
只需要在某一个服务启动时加上–master参数,而另一个服务加上–slave与–source参数,即可实现同步。MongoDB的最新版本已不再推荐此方案。
l Replica Sets复制集:
MongoDB在 1.6版本对开发了新功能replica set,这比之前的replication功能要强大一些,增加了故障自动切换和自动修复成员节点,各个DB之间数据完全一致,大大降低了维护成功。autoshard已经明确说明不支持replicationparis,建议使用replica set,replica set故障切换完全自动。
如果上图所示,Replica Sets的结构非常类似一个集群。是的,你完全可以把它当成集群,因为它确实跟集群实现的作用是一样的,其中一个节点如果出现故障,其它节点马上会将业务接过来而无须停机操作。
接下来将一步一步的给大家分享一下实施步骤:
1、 创建数据文件存储路径
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/data/r0 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/data/r1 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/data/r2 |
2、 创建日志文件路径
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/log |
3、创建主从key文件,用于标识集群的私钥的完整路径,如果各个实例的key file内容不一致,程序将不能正常用。
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/key [root@localhost ~]# echo "this is rs1 super secret key" > /data/key/r0 [root@localhost ~]# echo "this is rs1 super secret key" > /data/key/r1 [root@localhost ~]# echo "this is rs1 super secret key" > /data/key/r2 [root@localhost ~]# chmod 600 /data/key/r* |
4、启动3个实例
[root@localhost ~]# /Apps/mongo/bin/mongod --replSet rs1 --keyFile /data/key/r0 --fork --port 28010 --dbpath /data/data/r0 --logpath=/data/log/r0.log --logappend all output going to: /data/log/r0.log forked process: 6573 [root@localhost ~]# /Apps/mongo/bin/mongod --replSet rs1 --keyFile /data/key/r1 --fork --port 28011 --dbpath /data/data/r1 --logpath=/data/log/r1.log --logappend all output going to: /data/log/r1.log forked process: 6580 [root@localhost ~]# /Apps/mongo/bin/mongod --replSet rs1 --keyFile /data/key/r2 --fork --port 28012 --dbpath /data/data/r2 --logpath=/data/log/r2.log --logappend all output going to: /data/log/r2.log forked process: 6585 [root@localhost ~]# |
5、配置及初始化Replica Sets
[root@localhost bin]# /Apps/mongo/bin/mongo -port 28010 MongoDB shell version: 1.8.1 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:28010/test > config_rs1 = {_id: 'rs1', members: [ ... {_id: 0, host: 'localhost:28010', priority:1}, --成员IP及端口,priority=1指PRIMARY ... {_id: 1, host: 'localhost:28011'}, ... {_id: 2, host: 'localhost:28012'}] ... } { "_id" : "rs1", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "localhost:28010" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "localhost:28011" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "localhost:28012" } ] } > rs.initiate(config_rs1); --初始化配置 { "info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minute.", "ok" : 1 }
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6、查看复制集状态
> rs.status() { "set" : "rs1", "date" : ISODate("2012-05-31T09:49:57Z"), "myState" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "localhost:28010", "health" : 1, --1表明正常; 0表明异常 "state" : 1, -- 1表明是Primary; 2表明是Secondary; "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", --表明此机器是主库 "optime" : { "t" : 1338457763000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-05-31T09:49:23Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "localhost:28011", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 23, "optime" : { "t" : 1338457763000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-05-31T09:49:23Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-05-31T09:49:56Z") }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "localhost:28012", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 23, "optime" : { "t" : 1338457763000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-05-31T09:49:23Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-05-31T09:49:56Z") } ], "ok" : 1 } rs1:PRIMARY> |
还可以用isMaster查看Replica Sets状态。
rs1:PRIMARY> rs.isMaster() { "setName" : "rs1", "ismaster" : true, "secondary" : false, "hosts" : [ "localhost:28010", "localhost:28012", "localhost:28011" ], "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1 } rs1:PRIMARY> |